Urgent! Thousands of nice girls are wanted in the Canadian West! Despite the popular view that anything in skirts stood a chance, the Canadian government's campaign to attract British female emigrants between 1880 and 1914 posed barriers of class, education, an d training. Period documents suggest that the government achieved its greatest impact through a strategy that stimulated the efforts of businesses and British societies with similar interests in Canadian settlement.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Avery, Donald H.1995. Reluctant host: Canada's response to immigrant workers, 1898-1994. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
2.
Binnie-Clark, Georgina . [1909] 1982. Conditions of life for women in Canada. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 170-177. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
3.
Binnie-Clark, Georgina . [1910] 1982. Are educated women wanted in Canada? In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 162-169. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
4.
Binnie-Clark, Georgina . [1913] 1982. Land and the woman in Canada. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 178-186. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
5.
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) . [1886] 1982. What women say of the Canadian North-West. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 32-65. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
6.
Cran, Marion Dudley . 1910. A woman in Canada. London: John Milne.
7.
Curtis, William E.1911. Letters on Canada. Chicago: Record-Herald.
8.
Department of the Interior . 1908. Canada West: The last best West. Ottawa: Government of Canada, Department of the Interior.
9.
Department of the Interior . 1911. Canada West: The last best West. Ottawa: Government of Canada, Department of the Interior.
10.
Eagle, John A.1989. The Canadian Pacific Railway and the development of Western Canada. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
11.
Fowke, Vernon C.1957. The national policy and the wheat economy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
12.
Hammerton, A. James . 1979. Emigrant gentlewomen: Genteel poverty and female immigration 1830-1914. London: Croom Helm.
13.
Hawkins, Freda . 1991. Critical years in immigration: Canada and Australia compared. 2d ed.Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
14.
Innis, Harold A.1971. A history of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
15.
Jackel, Susan . 1979. Introduction. In Wheat and woman, reprint of Georgina Binnie-Clark, 1914, v-xxxvii. Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press.
16.
Jackel, Susan , ed. 1982. A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
17.
Johnson, Stanley C.1913. A history of emigration from the United Kingdom to North America, 1763-1912. London: Routledge.
18.
Lewthwaite, Elizabeth . [1901] 1982. Women's work in Western Canada. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 111-120. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
19.
Monk, Una . 1963. New horizons: A hundred years of women's migration. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
20.
Poovey, Mary . 1988. Uneven developments: The ideological work of gender in mid-Victorian England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
21.
Saxby, Jessie M. [1890] 1982. Women wanted. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 68-74. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
22.
Sykes, Ella Constance . 1913.A home-help in Canada. 2d ed.London: Smith, Elder.
23.
Weaver, Emily Poynton . [1914] 1982. The woman Canada needs. In A flannel shirt and liberty: British emigrant gentlewomen in the Canadian West, 1880-1914, edited by Susan Jackel, 222-229. Reprint, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
24.
Whitaker, Reg . 1991. Canadian immigration policy since Confederation. Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association.
