Abstract
Sleep problems are highly prevalent among early adolescents globally. This study aimed to identify heterogeneous subgroups of sleep problems, their transitions, and predictors of transition among Chinese early adolescents. A total of 653 adolescents (52.40% boys; baseline: Mage = 13.66) participated in this longitudinal study over six months. LCA identified three subgroups: good sleepers (i.e., exhibiting low probabilities across all sleep problem subdimensions), poor sleepers (i.e., exhibiting high probabilities across all subdimensions), and insufficient-inefficient sleepers (i.e., exhibiting elevated probabilities for short sleep duration and poor sleep efficiency). LTA revealed the insufficient-inefficient sleepers as the most stable subgroup, and both good sleepers and poor sleepers showed tendencies to transition toward the insufficient-inefficient sleepers. Adolescents with more nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors and higher depression were more likely to transition from good sleepers to insufficient-inefficient sleepers, whereas higher anxiety predicted persistence in poor sleepers. These findings support targeted adolescent sleep interventions.
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