Dyspnoea is here defined as the subjective sensation in patients with advanced cancer where the demand for oxygen is greater than the body's ability to supply oxygen. In advanced cancer causes may be unrelated to or related in a direct or indirect way to the malignancy. This flow diagram describes the decision processes required to manage such patients. It is assumed that nonmalignant causes of dyspnoea have, or are, being treated conventionally (e.g. chronic obstructive airways disease).
Young IH, Daviskas E., Keena VAEffect of low dose nebulised morphine on exercise endurance in patients with chronic lung disease. Thorax1989; 44: 387-90.
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Ahmedzai S., Carter R., Mills RJ, Moram F.Effects of nabilone on pulmonary function. Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Cannabis. Oxford: IRL Press, 1985: 371-78.
