Cosmopolitanism increasingly features as a reference to describe contemporary structures of a globalized world. This article adds a critical examination of micro-level dimensions of such cosmopolitanism vigilant to the ideas about specific attitudes and global community. Who shares cosmopolitan orientations or sees oneself as world citizen? Are country differences attributable to globalization? Using data from the World Values Surveys 2005–8, cross-national comparative analyses suggest that various manifestations of cosmopolitanism – ethics, politics and identity – relate differently to socioeconomic characteristics and degrees of globalization. The study provides evidence that cosmopolitan orientations are more often found in the globalized world but, surprisingly, global identity is more widespread in other parts of the world. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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