“Veins first” versus “artery first” approach for management of mixed arterial venous leg ulcers (MAVLU): Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction

Mixed Arterial and Venous Leg Ulcers (MAVLU) are challenging. The optimal intervention sequence (artery-first vs vein first) is unclear. This review evaluates current evidence on surgical intervention sequencing.

Methods

MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCOPUS and EMBASE were searched using the term ‘mixed arterial venous leg ulcers.’ Studies were eligible if they reported ulcer healing outcomes in MAVLU patients. Pooled proportions were calculated by random effects modelling.

Results

The search yielded 606 studies, eight of which contained sufficient data to include in the analysis. There were no randomized controlled trials. Initial modified compression (MCT) and rescue revascularisation in MAVLU with ABI 0.5 to 0.85 achieved a pooled healing rate of 75% (95% CI 69% to 80%) compared to 79% (95% CI 61% to 93%) in patients with standard VLUs. The pooled rescue revascularisation rate for MAVLU patients with moderate arterial disease was 25% (95% CI 6% to 51%). Patients with severe arterial disease (ABI <0.5) who underwent arterial intervention first were less likely to heal (pooled proportion 40%; 95% confidence interval 16% to 66%). No studies compared either MCT or venous ablation with arterial revascularisation as first-line in patients with moderate arterial disease (ABI 0.5 to 0.85) alone or severe arterial disease (ABI <0.5) alone. There was marked heterogeneity between studies with respect to ulcer healing outcomes reported, definitions of ulcer healing, duration and size of ulcers at presentation, use of adjunct procedures such as skin grafting, unit of measurement (legs vs patients) and duration of follow up.

Conclusion

A ‘veins first’ approach to MAVLU is plausible but robust data are lacking and should be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial.