Venous malformation is one of the slow-flow vascular malformations. Dysfunction of coagulation often occurs in most venous malformations, especially the diffuse and multifocal lesions, referred to as localized intravascular coagulopathy. It is characterized by the elevation of D-dimers and fibrin degradation products, low levels of fibrinogen, FV, FVIII, FXIII, and antithrombin III, and sometimes minor-to-moderate thrombocytopenia. Here we reviewed the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of localized intravascular coagulopathy in venous malformations.
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