Multidisciplinary approach to prolonged in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) managed by ECPR and emergent valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Abstract

Introduction

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) is a lifesaving intervention for in-hospital (IHCA) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, severe aortic regurgitation (AR) has traditionally been considered an absolute contraindication for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO).

Case report

A 63-year-old man with aortic regurgitation experienced IHCA with 50 min of low-flow time. The patient received ECPR and emergent valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) through a rapid multidisciplinary approach. Despite transient focal neurological symptoms in the early post-resuscitation period, the patient steadily recovered and was discharged with a favourable Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) of 2.

Discussion

This case challenges the absolute contraindication of severe aortic regurgitation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and ECPR candidacy, demonstrating that a multidisciplinary approach with planned venting strategies and rapid definitive intervention can lead to satisfactory patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Severe aortic regurgitation may not absolutely preclude candidacy for peripheral V-A ECMO. A pre-emptive approach integrating detailed venting strategies with emergent transcatheter interventions expands the salvageable population with valvular heart disease.