To address the issue of brittleness of W, Wf/W composite mixed with varying proportions of raw Wf (Wf (raw)) and Y2O3-coated Wf (Wf (Y2O3)) were prepared using SPS. With the combination of strong and weak interface bonding, the composite with high strength and toughness, and pseudo-ductile fracture at room temperature was eventually accomplished by designing the addition ratio of Wf(raw) and Wf(Y2O3). The results showed that when the addition ratio of Wf(raw) and Wf(Y2O3) were 10vol.% and 20vol.%, the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composite exhibited the better results, which were 551.16 MPa and 7.30 MPa·m1/2, respectively. They were higher than the non-fiber W alloy prepared by the same process (443.59 MPa and 5.97 MPa·m1/2).
ChenHYXuQWangJH, et al.Effect of surface quality on hydrogen/helium irradiation behavior in tungsten[J]. Nucl. Eng. Technol.2022; 54: 1947–1953.
2.
MaoYCoenen1JWRieschJ, et al.Development and characterization of powder metallurgically produced discontinuous tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites[J]. Phys. Scripta2017; T170: 014005.
3.
MaoYRCoenenJSistlS, et al.Design of tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites with porous matrix[J]. Mat. Sci. Eng. A. 2021; 817: 141361. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141361
4.
MaoYCoenenJWRieschJ, et al.Influence of the interface strength on the mechanical properties of discontinuous tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites produced by field assisted sintering technology[J]. Compos. Part A-Appl. S.2018; 107: 342–353.
5.
NjuhovicEBräuMWolff-FabrisF, et al.Identification of interface failure mechanisms of metallized glass fibre reinforced composites using acoustic emission analysis[J]. Compos. Part B-Eng.2014; 66: 443–452.
6.
MaoYCoenenJWRieschJ, et al.Spark plasma sintering produced W-fiber-reinforced tungsten composites[J]. Spark Plasma Sinter. Mater.2019: 239–261.
7.
DuJHöschenTRasinskiM, et al.Feasibility study of a tungsten wire-reinforced tungsten matrix composite with ZrOx interfacial coatings[J]. Compos. Sci. Technol.2010; 70: 1482–1489.
8.
DuJHöschenTRasinskiM,et al.Shear debonding behavior of a carbon-coated interface in a tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten matrix composite[J]. J. Nucl. Mater.2011; 417: 472–476.
9.
DuJHöschenTRasinskiM,et al.Interfacial fracture behavior of tungsten wire/tungsten matrix composites with copper-coated interfaces[J]. Mat. Sci. Eng. A. 2010; 527: 1623–1629.
10.
MaoYDuggalADittesA, et al.Electrophoretic deposition prepared yttria as interface of tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites[J]. Nucl. Mater. Energy.2023; 36: 101487.
11.
ChenSJiangZZYanJ, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten fiber reinforced tungsten composites prepared by fe activated sintering[J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. H.2023; 116: 106369.
12.
LiuWMaYZhangJ. Properties and microstructural evolution of W-Ni-Fe alloy via microwave sintering[J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. H.2012; 35: 138–142.
13.
SuXWHeZYinT, et al.Fine-grained 93W-4.9 Ni-2.1 Fe alloy with ultrahigh yield strength prepared via low temperature sintering of W nanocomposite powder[J]. Mat. Sci. Eng. A. 2023; 879: 145298.
14.
ChenSJiangZZHuangJH, et al.Activated sintering effect of Fe element on tungsten via spark plasma sintering[J]. Nuc. Mater. Energy.2022; 32: 101226.
15.
ZhaoPRieschJHöschenT, et al.Microstructure, mechanical behaviour and fracture of pure tungsten wire after different heat treatments[J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. H.2017; 68: 29–40.
16.
BriantCHoracsekOHoracsekK. The effect of wire history on the coarsened substructure and secondary recrystallization of doped tungsten[J]. Metall. Trans. A1993; 24: 843–851.
17.
LiaoZZhuJTangC. Numerical investigation of rock tensile strength determined by direct tension, Brazilian and three-point bending tests[J]. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min.2019; 115: 21–32.
18.
ASTM International Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture. Subcommittee E08. 07 on Fracture Mechanics. Standard Test Method for Linear-elastic Plane-strain Fracture Toughness K [Ic] of Metallic Materials[M]. ASTM international, 2013.
19.
FarrellKSchaffhauserAHoustonJ. Effect of gas bubbles on recrystallization of tungsten[J]. Metall. Trans. A. 1970; 1: 2899–2905.
20.
MansoorPDasharathSM. A review paper on magnesium alloy fabricated by severe plastic deformation technology and its effects over microstructural and mechanical properties. Mater. Today Proc. 2021; 45: 356–364.
21.
ZhangZHWangFCWangL, et al.Sintering mechanism of large-scale ultrafine-grained copper prepared by SPS method. Mater. Lett. 2008; 62: 3987–3990.
22.
CaulfieldTBellowsRTienJ. Interdiffusional effects between tungsten fibers and an iron-nickel-base alloy[J]. Metall. Trans. A. 1985; 16: 1961–1968.
23.
MarderREstournesCChevallierG,et al.Plasma in spark plasma sintering of ceramic particle compacts. Scr. Mater.2014; 82: 57–60.
24.
HollandTBAnselmi-TamburiniUQuachDV, et al.Effects of local Joule heating during the field assisted sintering of ionic ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2012; 32: 3667–3674.
25.
HulbertDMAndersAAnderssonJ, et al.A discussion on the absence of plasma in spark plasma sintering. Scr. Mater.2009; 60: 835–838.
26.
ShuRMaoYRCoenenJW, et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of Wf/W composites influenced by Y2O3 coating[J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. H2023; 115: 106322.
27.
LiuDGMaHRRuanCF, et al.Effective joining between oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten-based material (ODS-W) and TZM alloy via spark plasma sintering technology[J]. Results in Mater.2021; 9: 100175.
28.
LiuDGMaHRRuanCF, et al.Interface diffusion and mechanical properties of ODS-W/Cu prepared by spark plasma sintering[J]. Vacuum.2021; 190: 110278.
29.
JiangWJXiaZXXuJC, et al.Optimization mechanism of bonding strength of laser melting deposited tungsten/reduced activation steel heterogeneous interface via addition of Y2O3 by magnetron sputtering[J]. Fusion Eng. Des.2020; 157: 111646.
30.
LiXCuiLLiJ, et al.Automation of intercept method for grain size measurement: a topological skeleton approach[J]. Mater. Des. 2022; 224: 111358.
31.
HanJHKimDY. Determination of three-dimensional grain size distribution by linear intercept measurement[J]. Acta Mater.1998; 46: 2021–2028.
32.
JiangYHouJHuangP, et al.Tensile behavior of hybrid tungsten composites with zirconium carbide nanoparticles and tungsten fibers[J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. H.2020; 93: 105360.
33.
TienJK. Superalloys, supercomposites and superceramics[M]. London: Academic Press, 2012.
34.
PettrasekDWWeetonJW. Alloying Effects on Tungsten-Fiber-Reinforced Copper-Alloy or High-Temperature-Alloy Matrix Composites[M]. America: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1963.
35.
SatouMYamakawaTHasegawaA,et al.Evaluation of interface strength between metal and ceramics to be utilized for development of fusion reactor components[J]. J. Nucl. Mater.2009; 386: 689–691.
36.
MillettJGrayGBourneN. Measurement of the shear strength of pure tungsten during one-dimensional shock loading[J]. J. Appl. Phys.2007; 101: 033520.
JingQMBiYWuQ, et al.Yield strength of molybdenum at high pressures[J]. Rev. Sci. Instrum.2007; 78.
39.
MaoYRCoenenJWRieschJ, et al.Fiber volume fraction influence on randomly distributed short fiber tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites[J]. Adv. Eng. Mater.2020; 22: 1901242.
40.
CoenenJWAntuschSAumannM, et al.Materials for DEMO and reactor applications-boundary conditions and new concepts[J]. Phys. Scripta2015; T167: 014002.
41.
CoenenJWMaoYSistlaS, et al.Improved pseudo-ductile behavior of powder metallurgical tungsten short fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W)[J]. Nucl. Mater. Energy2018; 15: 214–219.
42.
RieschJBuffiereJ-YHöschenT, et al.In situ synchrotron tomography estimation of toughening effect by semi-ductile fibre reinforcement in a tungsten-fibre-reinforced tungsten composite system[J]. Acta Mater.2013; 61: 7060–7071.
43.
StangHShahS. Failure of fibre-reinforced composites by pull-out fracture[J]. J. Mater. Sci.1986; 21: 953–957.
44.
RieschJHanYAlmanstötterJ, et al.Development of tungsten fibre-reinforced tungsten composites towards their use in DEMO-potassium doped tungsten wire[J]. Phys. Scripta2016; T167: 014006.
