Global overview of digital preservation staffing and skills: A systematic review

Abstract

Digital preservation (DP) is a critical function of memory institutions, ensuring the long-term accessibility and integrity of digital assets. However, the availability of dedicated staffing and specialized expertise remains a persistent challenge. This study presents a systematic review of global DP staffing and skills, synthesizing evidence from 33 empirical studies to assess institutional preparedness. The findings reveal significant disparities in staffing adequacy, with only 37.9% of institutions reporting sufficient personnel, while 59.7% highlight staffing shortages. Similarly, an analysis of 19 studies on DP expertise indicates that only 38.5% of institutions possess the necessary skills, leaving a majority (60.1%) struggling with competency gaps. Geographical analysis underscores pronounced deficiencies in Africa and Asia, whereas developed regions, despite better resources, continue to face staffing and skill shortages. Temporal trends further indicate stagnation or decline in staffing adequacy, suggesting that institutional capacity-building has not kept pace with the growing complexity of DP. These findings emphasize the urgent need for strategic workforce planning, enhanced training initiatives, and policy interventions to bridge existing gaps. Addressing these challenges through targeted investment in DP professionals and skills development is crucial for the sustainability of digital heritage management.