This study explores the role of information literacy (IL) in enhancing academic success among engineering students, with a focus on academic motivation (AM), academic integration (AI), and academic performance (AP). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 554 engineering students enrolled in institutions recognized by the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) and the Higher Education Commission (HEC). The results revealed that students reported high levels of IL, AM, AI, and AP. Moreover, IL was found to be a significant positive predictor of AM, AI, and AP. These findings offer meaningful implications for engineering educators, institutional policymakers, PEC, and HEC by underscoring the importance of IL in shaping key academic outcomes. The study advocates for the integration of tailored credited IL programs into engineering curricula to foster student motivation, engagement, and performance. Overall, the research highlights the critical role of IL in advancing educational quality and student success in engineering education.
AharonyNGazitT (2020) Students’ information literacy self-efficacy: An exploratory study. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science52(1): 224–236.
2.
AkbariT (2021) Investigating the role of information literacy and self-directed learning in predicting students’ academic motivation. Journal of School Psychology9(4): 74–85.
3.
AliRKatzIR (2010) Information and communication technology literacy: What do businesses expect and what do business schools teach?ETS Research Report Series2010(2): i–20.
4.
AliRAbu-HassanNDaudMYM, et al. (2010) Information literacy skills of engineering students. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences5(3): 264–270. https://www.oalib.com/research/2755201.
5.
Amit-AharonAMelnikovSWarshawskiS (2020) The effect of evidence-based practice perception, information literacy self-efficacy, and academic motivation on nursing students’ future implementation of evidence-based practice. Journal of Professional Nursing36(6): 497–502.
AtikuzzamanMAhmedSZ (2023) Investigating the impact of demographic and academic variables on assessing students’ perceived information literacy self-efficacy. The Journal of Academic Librarianship49(4): 102733.
8.
BanduraA (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
9.
BanikPKumarB (2019) Impact of information literacy skill on students’ academic performance in Bangladesh. International Journal of European Studies3(1): 27–33.
10.
BarefootMR (2017) Student research and intrinsic motivation: Effects of formative assessment and the two-session model of information literacy instruction. Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice5(1): 13–25. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5922-3589.
11.
BenwareCADeciEL (1984) Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal21(4): 755–765.
12.
BertotJCSarinLC (2016) The value of American Library Association accredited master’s programs in library and information studies: serving our communities through professional workforce. In: White PaperPresented to the American Library Association. https://www.ala.org/educationcareers/value.
13.
Bhooma ManiNJayaseelanRMaliniS (2019) Developing a scale to measure students’ social media attitude and their academic performance. ICTACT Journal on Management Studies5(1): 904–911, http://ir.psgcas.ac.in/id/eprint/135/
14.
BoobalakrishnanNJayaseelanRSrinivasanM (2019) Developing a scale to measure students’ social media attitude and their academic performance. ICTACT Journal on Management Studies5(1): 904–911. http://ir.psgcas.ac.in/id/eprint/135.
15.
ClarkMHSchrothCA (2010) Examining relationships between academic motivation and personality among college students. Learning and Individual Differences20(1): 19–24.
16.
ClarkMMiddletonSCNguyenD, et al. (2014) Mediating relationships between academic motivation, academic integration and academic performance. Learning and Individual Differences33: 30–38.
17.
CohenJ (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 20–26.
18.
CopeB.KalantzisM. (2017). E-learning Ecologies: Principles for New Learning and Assessment. Routledge.
19.
DahmGLauterbachO (2016) Measuring students’ social and academic integration—assessment of the operationalization in the national educational panel study. In: Methodological Issues of Longitudinal Surveys: The Example of the National Educational Panel Study. Cham: Springer, pp. 313–329. 10.1007/978-3-658-11994-2_18.
20.
De MeulemeesterA (2013). The “information literacy self-efficacy scale” and the medical curriculum at Ghent University. In: KurbanoğluSGrassianEMizrachiD, et al. (eds) Worldwide Commonalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice. ECIL 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 397, pp. 465–470. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0_62
DemirelMAkkoyunluB (2017) Prospective teachers’ lifelong learning tendencies and information literacy self-efficacy. Educational Research and Reviews12(6): 329–337. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1137983.
23.
EichhornBR (2014) Common Method Variance Techniques. Cleveland State University, Department of Operations & Supply Chain Management. Cleveland, OH: SAS Institute Inc: 1(11).
24.
EtikanIMusaSAAlkassimRS (2016) Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics5(1): 1–4.
25.
EttaniyilGG (2017) Information literacy and academic performance among secondary level student teachers in aided teacher education colleges. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education13(2): 624–629. http://hdl.handle.net/10760/44202.
26.
Ferrer-CajaEWeissMR (2000) Predictors of intrinsic motivation among adolescent students in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport71(3): 267–279.
27.
FischerCFischerFZumbachJ (2020) Opportunities and challenges of digital learning: Insights from research and practice. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft23(Suppl 4): 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-020-00947-1
28.
FlierlMBonemEMaybeeC, et al. (2018) Information literacy supporting student motivation and performance: Course-level analyses. Library & Information Science Research40(1): 30–37.
29.
FornellCLarckerDF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research18(1): 39–50.
30.
FosmireM (2012) Information literacy and engineering design: Developing an integrated conceptual model. IFLA Journal38(1): 47–52.
31.
GarrisonDRAndersonTArcherW (1999) Critical inquiry in a text-based environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher Education2(2-3): 87–105.
32.
GayLRMillsGEAirasianPW (2012) Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
33.
GrossMLathamD (2007) Attaining information literacy: An investigation of the relationship between skill level, self-estimates of skill, and library anxiety. Library & Information Science Research29(3): 332–353.
34.
GrossMLathamD (2009) Undergraduate perceptions of information literacy: Defining, attaining, and self-assessing skills. College & Research Libraries70(4): 336–350.
HairJFRisherJJSarstedtM, et al. (2019) When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review31(1): 2–24.
37.
HakanKMünireE (2014) Academic motivation: Gender, domain and grade differences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences143: 708–715.
38.
HengLKMansorY (2010) Impact of information literacy training on academic self-efficacy and learning performance of university students in a problem-based learning environment. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities18(2): 121–134. https://localcontent.library.uitm.edu.my/12942/.
39.
HolmesWBialikMFadelC (2022) Artificial Intelligence in Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning (2nd ed.). Center for Curriculum Redesign.
40.
IqbalJQureshiNAshrafMA, et al. (2021) The effect of emotional intelligence and academic social networking sites on academic performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology Research and Behavior Management 14: 905–920. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S316664.
41.
JaggarsSSEdgecombeNStaceyGW (2013) What We Know about Online Course Outcomes. Research Overview. New York, NY: Community College Research Center, Columbia University, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED542143.
42.
JulienHDetlorBSerenkoA, et al. (2011) Preparing tomorrow's decision makers: Learning environments and outcomes of information literacy instruction in business schools. Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship16(4): 348–367.
43.
KarimiHZareiRValizadehN (2020) The effects of information literacy, self-directed learning, critical thinking, and academic self-efficacy on academic performance of agricultural students. Journal of Agricultural Education Administration Research12(52): 118–137.
44.
Koler-PovhTTurkŽ (2020) Information literacy of doctoral students in engineering and the librarian’s role. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science52(1): 27–39.
45.
KoloAGJaafarWAhmadNB (2017) Relationship between academic self-efficacy beliefs of college students and academic performance. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)22(1): 75–80.
46.
KousarMMahmoodK (2013) Information literacy skills assessment of undergraduate engineering students. In: Gil-LafuenteJMarinoDMorabitoF (eds) Worldwide Commonalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice: European Conference on Information Literacy, ECIL 2013 Istanbul, Turkey, October 22–25, 2013 Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer, pp. 471–477. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0_63.
47.
KousarMMahmoodK (2015) Perceptions of faculty about information literacy skills of postgraduate engineering students. International Information & Library Review47(1–2): 52–57.
48.
KurbanogluSS (2003) Self-efficacy: A concept closely linked to information literacy and lifelong learning. Journal of Documentation59(6): 635–646.
49.
KurbanogluSSAkkoyunluBUmayA (2006) Developing the information literacy self-efficacy scale. Journal of Documentation62(6): 730–743.
ListA (2019) Defining digital literacy development: An examination of pre-service teachers’ beliefs. Computers & Education138: 146–158.
53.
LiuT-tSunH-b (2012) Gender differences on information literacy of science and engineering undergraduates. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science4(2): 23–30.
54.
LiuLWangSChenJ, et al. (2024) Information literacy of higher vocational college students in digital age. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 10.1177/09610006231224445.
55.
MaguireREganAHylandP, et al. (2017) Engaging students emotionally: The role of emotional intelligence in predicting cognitive and affective engagement in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development36(2): 343–357.
56.
MahmoodK (2017) Reliability and validity of self-efficacy scales assessing students’ information literacy skills: A systematic review. The Electronic Library35(5): 1035–1051.
57.
MargolisHMcCabePP (2006) Improving self-efficacy and motivation: What to do, what to say. Intervention in School and Clinic41(4): 218–227.
58.
MarshallSZhouMGervanT, et al. (2012) Sense of belonging and first-year academic literacy. Canadian Journal of Higher Education43(3): 116–142.
59.
MaybeeCFlierlM (2016) Motivating learners through information literacy. In: KurbanoğluSBoustanyJŠpiranecS, et al. (eds) Information Literacy: Key to an Inclusive Society. ECIL 2016. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 676. Cham: Springer, pp. 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52162-6_11.
60.
Maziah Wan Ab RazakWAlia Syed BaharomSAbdullahZ, et al. (2019) Academic performance of university students: A case in a higher learning institution. KnE Social Sciences3(13): 1294–1304.
61.
MolepoMC (2018) The impact of information literacy training on academic achievement and success of first-year entering undergraduate students at Tshwane University of Technology, Polokwane campus library. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2225.
62.
MortimoreJMWallA (2009) Motivating African-American students through information literacy instruction: Exploring the link between encouragement and academic self-concept. The Reference Librarian50(1): 29–42.
MughariSNaveedMARafiqueGM (2024) Information literate students are more engaged and successful: Role of information literacy in higher education. Online Information Review49(02): 418–437.
65.
MughariSRafiqueGMKhanHA (2025) Unlocking success: How information literacy drives student engagement in Pakistan's higher learning business institutions. Information Development, 02666669241303886, (ahead-of-print), https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669241303886.
66.
MullaK (2014) Information literacy for students and teachers in Indian context. Pearl: A Journal of Library and Information Science8(2): 88–96.
67.
MunirHQuraishiUShokatI (2020) Influences of head teachers’ managerial skills on pupils’ academic performance at secondary school level. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies6(3): 1099–1109.
68.
MunnJSmallJ (2017) What is the best way to develop information literacy and academic skills of first-year health science students? A systematic review. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice12(3): 56–94.
NaveedMAMahmoodM (2021) Correlatives of business students’ perceived information literacy self-efficacy in the digital information environment. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science54(2): 294–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006211014277
71.
NaveedMAMahmoodM (2022) Correlatives of business students’ perceived information literacy self-efficacy in the digital information environment. Journal of Librarianship & Information Science54(2): 294–305.
NaveedMAIqbalJAsgharMZ, et al. (2023) How information literacy influences creative skills among medical students? The mediating role of lifelong learning. Medical Education Online28(1): 2176734.
74.
NowellSD (2014) Using disruptive technologies to make digital connections: Stories of media use and digital literacy in secondary classrooms. Educational Media International51(2): 109–123.
75.
NgW (2012) Can we teach digital natives digital literacy?Computers & Education59(3): 1065–1078.
76.
NúñezJLLeónJ (2019) Determinants of classroom engagement: A prospective test based on self-determination theory. Teachers and Teaching25(2): 147–159.
77.
NurafifahFFSudrajatAAkbarZ (2021) The effect of academic motivation and information literacy self-efficiency on student academic achievement. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding8(8): 421–429.
78.
OkpalaHNBennehEASefuA, et al. (2017) Advancing the information literacy skills of postgraduate students in University of Nigeria. Journal of Applied Information Science and Technology10(2): 163–181. https://www.jaistonline.org/vol10no2i_2017.html.
79.
OlakunleSAOlanrewajuPS (2019) Relationship between information literacy skills and research productivity of researchers in Nigeria, and the mediating role of socio-economic factors. LIBRES: Library & Information Science Research Electronic Journal29(1). 10.32655/LIBRES.2019.1.4.
80.
PajaresF (2009) Toward a positive psychology of academic motivation: The role of self-efficacy beliefs. In: GilmanRHuebnerESFurlongMJ (eds) Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, pp. 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220670109598780.
81.
RobertsJCBhattJ (2007) Innovative approaches to information literacy instruction for engineering undergraduates at Drexel University. European Journal of Engineering Education32(3): 243–251.
82.
RossMPerkinsHBodeyK (2016) Academic motivation and information literacy self-efficacy: The importance of a simple desire to know. Library & Information Science Research38(1): 2–9.
83.
RovaiAP (2003) In search of higher persistence rates in distance education online programs. The Internet and Higher Education6(1): 1–16.
84.
RyanRMDeciEL (2000) Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist55(1): 68–78.
85.
SafdarMIdreesH (2021) Assessing undergraduate and postgraduate students’ information literacy skills: Scenario and requirements in Pakistan. Library Philosophy and Practice1A–33. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4875.
86.
SallehMIHalimAFYaacobRAR, et al. (2011) Measuring the effect of information literacy on the undergraduates’ academic performance in higher education. In: International Conference on Social Science and Humanity, pp. 506–510. 10.13140/2.1.3390.0804.
87.
SandlerME (2002) A structural examination of academic integration, perceived stress, academic performance, and goal commitment from an elaborated model of adult student persistence. In: Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED465877.
88.
SattarTUllahMIAhmadS, et al. (2019) An integrated web model study of behavioral, emotional and cognitive engagement factors affecting the academic performance of high school students through their multidimensional engagement in learning milieu: A study of South Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS)39(4): 1711–1724. https://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/index.php/pjss/article/view/797.
89.
SchlösserTDunningDJohnsonKL, et al. (2013) How unaware are the unskilled? Empirical tests of the “signal extraction” counter explanation for the Dunning–Kruger effect in self-evaluation of performance. Journal of Economic Psychology39: 85–100.
90.
SchunkDH (1991) Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist26(3–4): 207–231.
91.
SeneviratneTWickramasingheV (2010) Information literacy skills of undergraduates of University of Moratuwa. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka14(1): 15–30.
92.
SeveriensSESchmidtHG (2009) Academic and social integration and study progress in problem-based learning. Higher Education58(1): 59–69.
93.
SeveriensSWolffR (2008) A comparison of ethnic minority and majority students: Social and academic integration, and quality of learning. Studies in Higher Education33(3): 253–266.
94.
SezerB (2020) Implementing an information literacy course: Impact on undergraduate medical students’ abilities and attitudes. The Journal of Academic Librarianship46(6): 102248.
95.
ShaoXPurpurG (2016) Effects of information literacy skills on student writing and course performance. The Journal of Academic Librarianship42(6): 670–678.
96.
SivrikayaAH (2019) The relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement of the students. Asian Journal of Education and Training5(2): 309–315.
97.
SoleymaniMR (2014) Investigating the relationship between information literacy and academic performance among students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion3(1). 10.4103/2277-9531.139677.
98.
SungYTChangTHLiuTC (2023). The effects of artificial intelligence tutoring systems on students’ learning: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education193, 104709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104709
99.
TalikkaMSoukkaREskelinenH (2018) Effects of brief integrated information literacy education sessions on undergraduate engineering students’ interdisciplinary research. New Review of Academic Librarianship24(1): 48–62.
100.
ThaiNTTDe WeverBValckeM (2017) The impact of a flipped classroom design on learning performance in higher education: Looking for the best “blend” of lectures and guiding questions with feedback. Computers & Education107: 113–126.
101.
ThaiNTTDe WeverBValckeM (2020) Face-to-face, blended, flipped, or online learning environment? Impact on learning performance and student cognitions. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning36(3): 397–411.
102.
TintoV (1975) Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of Educational Research45(1): 89–125.
103.
UllahMAmeenK (2014) Current status of information literacy instruction practices in medical libraries of Pakistan. Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA)102(4): 281.
104.
UllahMAmeenK (2016) Barriers when advocating or providing information literacy instruction in medical institutions of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Information Management and Libraries17: 146–154. https://pjiml.pu.edu.pk/jo/index.php/pjiml/article/view/97.
WangLDeLaquilT (2023) Starting university during the pandemic: First-year international students’ complex transitions under online and hybrid-learning conditions. Frontiers in Psychology14: 1111332. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1111332
107.
WongSHRCmorD (2011) Measuring association between library instruction and graduation GPA. College & Research Libraries72(5): 464–473. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/79765.
108.
ZepkeNLeachLPrebbleT (2006) Being learner-centred: One way to improve student retention?Studies in Higher Education31(5): 587–600.
109.
ZouDZhangRXieH, et al. (2021) Digital game-based learning of information literacy: Effects of gameplay modes on university students’ learning performance, motivation, self-efficacy and flow experiences. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology37(2): 152–170. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-3617.
