Adapting to new technologies: A systematic literature review of blockchain implementation in academic libraries

Abstract

Blockchain technology (BT), despite being relatively new, is gaining significant attention in academic libraries owing to its unique features. This study aims to justify why academic libraries should adopt BT for certain sensitive functions over existing technologies or systems. The study utilized the SALSA framework and adhered to PRISMA criteria to systematically review literature on the implementation of BT in academic libraries. Six authoritative databases namely Scopus, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Refseek, Google Scholar, and Crossref were employed. Initially, 71 articles were retrieved from these databases. After removing duplicates and unrelated articles, 27 were included for synthesis. The findings indicate that most articles were authored by scholars in Asia and Africa, highlighting a significant interest in adopting new technologies in libraries among researchers in developing countries despite facing challenges such as limited skilled staff, financial constraints, and inadequate technological infrastructure compared to developed countries. The findings reveal a steady increase in the number of published articles on BT each year, with a significant contribution from authoritative publishers. The study also highlights the many benefits BT can bring to academic libraries, such as enhancing data security, increasing transparency, fostering collaboration both within and between libraries, and facilitating technological innovation and access control. The study concludes that BT holds great potential for academic libraries, offering benefits that surpass existing systems and significantly improving service delivery. As a result, the study strongly recommends adopting BT in academic libraries to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. For successful implementation, it is essential to provide comprehensive training to library staff on how to apply BT within the library context, as this is a relatively new concept in the education sector, particularly for libraries. Furthermore, library management should ensure a supportive infrastructure, including sufficient budget allocation, to cover the costs associated with the adoption and utilization of BT.