This paper presents the results of an exploratory study on the awareness of users about privacy abuse when communicating and using the mobile Internet. The study researches the relationships and associations between the level of the telecommunications market development, the wealth of a country, user proficiency, the affordability of mobile technology, the level of user tolerance of state-implemented content censorship, and similar privacy threats. The results and findings were selected from a comprehensive body of data gathered from 10 countries which have a low record of respect for human rights. Most of the selected countries are Asian or African states. Differences between the tolerance levels of the various user communities are discussed in relation to the criteria which define the level of information society development and the user skill levels. For a better understanding of the wider issues a brief introduction explains the capacity of smartphones to protect a user’s privacy and the availability of circumvention tools against state initiated blocking.
AdamsASasseMA (1999) Taming the wolf in sheep’s clothing: privacy in multimedia communication. In: MULTIMEDIA ’99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM International Conference on Multimedia (Part 1), October 30-November 05, Orlando, FL, USA. pp. 101–107. NewYork: ACM Press. doi>10.1145/319463.319476
2.
AckermanMCranorLReagleJ (1999) Privacy in e-commerce: examining user scenarios and privacy preferences. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, Denver, Colorado, USA, Nov. 3–5, pp. 1–8. NewYork: ACM Press. doi>10.1145/336992.336995
3.
AžderskaTJerman-BlažičB (2013) A holistic approach for designing human-centric trust systems. Systemic Practice and Action Research26 (5): 417–450.
4.
AžderskaTJerman-BlažičB (2012) Trust as an organismic trait of e-commerce systems. In: Multidisciplinary Research and Practice for Information Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceVolume 7465, 2012, pp 161–175.
BellottiVSellenA (1993) Design for privacy in ubiquitous computing environment. In: Proceedings of ECSCW13-17 September 1993, Milano, Italy, pp. 77–92. (Eds. De MichelisGiorgioSimoneCarlaSchmidt) Springer, Berlin, Germany.
9.
Broadband Commission for Digital Development and Cisco (2013) Planning for progress. Available at: http://www.broadbandcommission.org/(accessed 25 February 2014).
10.
BuchananTPaineCJoinsonAN. (2007) Developing measures of on-line privacy concern and protection for use on the Internet. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology58 (2): 157–165.
11.
BurnettSFeamsterNVempalaS (2010) Chipping away at censorship firewalls with user-generated content. In: Proceedings of the 19th USENIX Security Symposium. Washington, DC, USA, 11-13 August, 2010. USENIX Association 2010, pp. 463–468. Paper available on USENIX web site: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/sec10/tech/full_papers/Burnett.pdf
12.
CallananCJerman-BlažičBDries-ZiekenheinerH (2013) Empirical assessment of data protection and circumvention tools availability in mobile networks. In: The Second International Conference on Cyber Security, Cyber Peace Fare and Digital Forensic, CyberSec, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 4-6 March 2013, pp. 206–220, paper available in SDIWC Digital Library (Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communication)
DhillonGTorkzadehG (2006) Value-focused assessment of information system security in organizations. Information Systems Journal16 (3): 293–314.
17.
DinevTHuQ (2007) The centrality of awareness in the formation of user behavioural intention toward protective information technologies. Journal of the Association for Information Systems8 (7): 386–408.
18.
DingledineRMathewsonNSyverson (2004) Tor: the second-generation onion router. In: 13th USENIX Security Symposium, San Diego, USA, 9-13 August, 2004, pp. 312–318. USENIX Association, San Diego, USA Doi> ADA465464
19.
DusiMGringoliFSalgarelliL (2008) A preliminary look at the privacy of SSH tunnels. In: Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN ’08, 3-7 August 2008, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands, USA, pp. 1–10. New York, IEEE. In IEEEXplore Digital Library
20.
EnckWOngtangMMcDanielP (2009) On lightweight mobile phone application certification, In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security, 9-13 November, 2009, Chicago, USA, pp. 235–245. New York, ACM. ACM Digital Library doi>10.1145/1653662.1653691
FabianBGoertzFKunzS. (2010) Privately waiting – A usability analysis of the Tor Anonymity Network. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 58, 2010, pp 63–75.
23.
FeltPAEgelmenSWagnerD (2012) I have 99 problems, but vibration ain’t one: a survey of smartphone users’ concerns. In: Proceedings of SPSM, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 16-18 October, pp. 33–44. ACM Digital Library, doi>10.1145/2381934.2381943
24.
FleizachCLiljenstamMJohanssonP. (2007) Can you infect me now? Malware propagation in mobile phone networks. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM Workshop on Recurring Malcode (WORM’07)Alexandria, VA, USA, 3rd November 2007, pp. 87–96.
GallivanMJDepledgeG (2003) Trust control and the role of inter-organisational systems in electronic partnerships. Information Systems Journal13 (2): 159–190.
GraceMZhouYZhangQ. (2012) Riskranker: scalable and accurate zero-day Android. In: Proceedings of Malware Detection, MobiSys 12, Low Wood Bay, UK, 25-29 June 2012. pp. 281–294. ACM Digital Library, doi>10.1145/2307636.2307663
30.
GrefenDKarahannaEStraubDEW (2003) Trust and TAM in online shopping: an integrated model. MIS Quarterly27 (1): 51–90.
International Telecommunication Union (2013) Measuring the information society 2013. Available at: http://www.itu.int/(accessed 28 February 2014).
35.
JamaluddinJZotouNCoultonP (2004) Mobile phone vulnerabilities: a new generation of malware. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics, Washington, USA, 1-3 September 2004. IEEE 0-7803-8526-X 2004, pp. 199–202. New York, IEEE. In IEEE Xplore Digital Library DOI: 10.1109/ISCE.2004.1375935
36.
JoinsonLAdamNUlf-DietrichR. (2010) Privacy, trust and self-disclosure on-line. Human Computer Interaction24 (1): 1–24.
37.
KarlinJEllardDJacksonWA. (2014) Decoy routing: toward unblockable Internet communication in FOCI’11 – Proceedings of the USENIX Workshop on Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 8 August 2011, San Francisco, CA, USA. Available at: https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/foci11/tech/final_files/Karlin.pdf
38.
KingpingIKMudgeM (2001) Security analysis of the Palm Operating System and its weaknesses against malicious code threats. In: Proceedings of the 10th USENIX Security Symposium, August 13–17, 2001, Washington, DC. pp. 11–21. USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA.
39.
LiangTPYehYH (2011) Effect of context on the continuous use of mobile services: the case of mobile games. Pervasive Ubiquitous Computing15 (2): 187–196.
40.
MaitlandCThomasHFIIITchouakeuLM (2012) Internet censorship circumvention technology use in human rights organizations: an exploratory analysis. Journal of Information Technology (27): 285–200.
41.
MylonasADritsasSTsoumasB. (2011) Smartphone security evaluation – the malware attack case. Proceedings of the International Conference on Security and Cryptography (SECRYPT), 2011, Seville, Spain, 18-21 July 2011, pp. 25–36. New York, IEEE. Paper available onhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6732369&isnumber=6732338
42.
MylonasAMeletiadisVMitrouL. (2013) Smartphone sensor data as digital evidence. Computers & Security (38): 51–75.
United Nations (2011) violation of Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue, 16 May 2011, A/HRC/17/27, GE.11-13201, Human Rights Council, Seventeenth session, Agenda item 3, Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development. Available onhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/17session/A.HRC.17.27_en.pdf
50.
WustrowEWolchokSGoldbergI. (2011) Telex: anticensorship in the network infrastructure. In: Proceedings of 20th USENIX Security Symposium, San Francisco, USA, 8-12 August, 2011, pp. 459–475. USENIX Association. Available onhttps://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/sec11/tech/full_papers/Wustrow.pdf
51.
ZafarHClarkJG (2009) Current state of information security research in IS. Communications of the Association for Information Systems24 (34): 572–596.
52.
ZhengYConghulLValterriN. (2013) Exploring the impact of trust information visualization on mobile application usage. Pervasive Ubiquitous Computing Journal17: 1295–1313.
53.
ZhouYJiangX (2012) Dissecting Android malware: characterization and evolution. In: Proceedings of IEEE Symposium Security and Privacy (SP), San Francisco, CA, USA, 20-23 May 2012, pp. 95–109. New York, IEEE. IEEEXplore Digital Library.
54.
ZhouYWangZZhouW. (2012) Get off of my market: Detecting malicious applications in official and alternative Android markets. In: Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, San Diego, USA, 5-8 February 2012, pp. 1–13. The paper is available onhttp://www.csd.uoc.gr/˜hy558/papers/mal_apps.pdf
