The competencies required for conducting assessment in the educational context have recently been reformulated in view of social constructivist perspectives and the acknowledgement of the role of classroom assessment in promoting learning. These changes have impacted the knowledge base language assessors need to obtain, and hence the contents of language assessment courses. This paper considers the possible components of a language assessment literacy knowledge base, and proposes the establishment of a core knowledge framework for courses in language assessment.
Assessment Reform Group. (2002). Assessment for learning: Ten principles. Available at: http://arg.educ.cam.ac.uk/CIE3.pdf
2.
Bailey, K.M. & J.D. Brown. (1995). Language testing courses: What are they? In A. Cumming & R. Berwick (Eds.), Validation in language testing (pp. 236-256). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
3.
Birenbaum, M. (1996). Assessment 2000: Towards a pluralistic approach to assessment. In M. Birenbaum & F. Dochy. (Eds.), Alternatives in assessment of achievements, learning processes and prior knowledge (pp. 3-29). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic.
4.
Black, P. & Wiliam, D. (1998). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment, Phi Delta Kappan International. www.pdkintl.org/kappan/kbla9810.htm
5.
Boyles, P. (2005). Assessment literacy. In M. Rosenbusch (Ed.), National Assessment Summit Papers. (pp. 1-15). Ames, IA: Iowa State University. http://www.nflrc.iastate.edu/nva/newsite/ciaa/assessment_papers_Boyles.html
6.
Brindley, G. (2001a). Language assessment and professional development . In C. Elder, A. Brown, K. Hill, N. Iwashita, T. Lumley, T. McNamara, & K. O'Loughlin (Eds.), Experimenting with uncertainty: Essays in honour of Alan Davies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 126-136.
7.
Brindley, G. (2001b). Outcomes-based assessment in practice: some examples and emerging insights. Language Testing, 18(4), 393-408.
8.
Broadfoot, P. (1996). Education assessment and society. Buckingham: Open University Press.
9.
Broadfoot, P. (2005). Dark alleys and blind bends: Testing the language of learning. Language Testing, 22(2), 123-141.
10.
Brookhart, S.M. (2003). Developing measurement theory for classroom assessment purposes and uses. Educational Measurement: Issues and practices , 22(4), 5-13.
11.
Brown, J.D. & Hudson, T. (1998). The alternatives in language assessment. TESOL Quarterly, 32(4), 653-675.
12.
Byrnes, H. (2008). Assessing content and language. In E. Shohamy (Ed.). Language Testing and Assessment (Vol. 7). In N. Hornberger (general editor), Encyclopedia of Language and Education (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science and Business Media, pp. 37-52.
13.
Canagarajah, S. (2006). Changing communicative needs, revised assessment objectives: Testing English as an international language. Language Assessment Quarterly, 3(3), 229-242.
14.
Canagarajah, S. (2007). The ecology of Global English. International Multilingual Research Journal, 1(2), 89-100.
15.
Committee on Assessment and Evaluation in Education (2005). The knowledge base for assessment and evaluation in education. A framework for curricula: Academic studies and professional development programs. Israel Academy of Science and Humanitieshttp://www.academy.ac.il/data/projects/34/Assessment_and_Evaluation.pdf
16.
Council of Europe (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
17.
Cummins, J. (2001). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: California Association for Bilingual Education .
18.
Cushing Weigle, S. & Jensen, L. (1997). Issues in assessment for content-based instruction . In M. A. Snow and D. Brinton (Eds.), The Content-based classroom: Perspectives on Integrating Language and Content. White Plains, NY: Longman, pp. 201-12.
19.
Davison, C. (2007). Views from the chalkface: English language school-based assessment in Hong-Kong. Language Assessment Quarterly4(1), 37-68.
20.
Dochy F.Segers M. (2001) Using information and communication technology (ICT) in tomorrow's universities and using assessment as a tool for learning by means of ICT. In Van der Molen, H. J. (Ed.), Virtual university? Educational environments of the future. London: Portland, pp. 67-83.
21.
Elder, C. & Davies, A. (2006). Assessing English as a lingua franca. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 26, 282-304.
22.
Falsgraf, C. (2005, April). Why a national assessment summit? New visions in action. National Assessment Summit. Meeting conducted in Alexandria, Vahttp://www.nflrc.iastate.edu/nva/worddocuments/assessment_2005/pdf/nsap_introduction.pdf
23.
Filer, A. (Ed.). (2000). Assessment: Social practice and social product. London : RoutledgeFalmer.
24.
Fulcher, G. & Davidson, F. (2007). Language testing and Assessment. An Advanced resource book. London: Routledge.
25.
Gipps, C. (1994). Beyond testing: Towards a theory of educational assessment. London: Falmer Press .
26.
Hargreaves, A., Earl, L. & Schmidt, M. (2002) Perspectives on alternative assessment reform. American Educational Research Journal, 39(1), 69-95.
27.
Hoyt, K. (2005, April). Assessment: Impact on instruction. New vision on Action. National Assessment Summit, Alexandria, Va.
28.
Huerta-Macias, A. (1995). Alternative assessment: Responses to commonly asked questions. TESOL Journal, 5(1), 8-11.
29.
Inbar-Lourie, O. (2008). Language assessment culture. In E. Shohamy (Ed.). Language testing and assessment (Vol. 7). In N. Hornberger (general editor), Encyclopedia of language and education (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc., pp. 285-300.
30.
Johnson, D. & Kress, G. (2003). Globalisation, literacy and society: Redesigning pedagogy and assessment. Assessment in Education, 10(1), 5-14.
31.
Kalantzis, M., Cope, B. & Harvey, A. (2003). Assessing multiliteracies and the new basics. Assessment in Education, 10(1), 15-26.
32.
Kaufman, D. & Crandall, J. (2005). Standards and content-based instruction: Transforming language education in primary and secondary schools. In Kaufman, D. & Crandall, J (Eds.). Content-based instruction in primary and secondary school settings. Case Studies in TESOL. Alexandria (Virginia): TESOL Publications, pp. 1-7.
33.
Kleinsasser, R.C. (2005). Transforming a postgraduate level assessment course: A second language teacher educator's narrative. Prospect20, 77-102.
34.
Kunnan, A. J. (Ed.). (2000). Fairness and validation in language assessment: Selected papers from the 19th Language testing research colloquium, Orlando, Florida . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
35.
Kunnan, A.J. (2004). Regarding language assessment. Language Assessment Quarterly, 1(1), 1.
36.
Lantolf, J.P. (2000). Second language learning as a mediated process . Language Teaching, (33)2, 79-96.
37.
Lantolf, J.P. & Poehner, M.E. (2008). Dynamic assessment. In E. Shohamy (Ed.). Language testing and assessment (Vol. 7). In N. Hornberger (general editor), Encyclopedia of language and education (2nd ed). New York: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc., pp. 273-284.
38.
Leung, C. (2004). Developing formative teacher assessment: Knowledge, practice and change. Language Assessment Quarterly, 1(1), 19-41.
39.
Leung, C. & Rea-Dickins, P. (2007) Teacher assessment as policy instrument: Contradictions and capacities. Language Assessment Quarterly, 4(1), 6-36.
40.
Little, D. (2005). The Common European Framework and the European Language Portfolio: Involving learners and their judgment in the assessment process. Language Testing, 22(3), 321-336.
41.
Lynch B.K. (2001). Rethinking assessment from a critical perspective . Language Testing, 18(4), 351-372.
42.
Lynch, B. & Shaw, P. (2005). Portfolios, power and ethics. TESOL Quarterly, 39(2), 263-297.
43.
Malone, M.E. (2008). Training in language assessment. In E. Shohamy (Ed.). Language testing and assessment (Vol. 7). In N. Hornberger (general editor), Encyclopedia of language and education (2nd ed). New York: Springer Science and Business Media, Inc., pp. 225-240.
44.
McKay, P. & Brindley, G. ( 2007). Educational reform and ESL assessment in Australia: New reforms new tensions. Language Assessment Quarterly4(1), 69-84.
45.
McMillan, J.H. (2000). Fundamental assessment principles for teachers and school administrators. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 7(8). Retrieved November 9, 2007 from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7&n=8
46.
McNamara, T. (2006). Second language testing and assessment: Introduction . In E. Hinkel (Ed.). Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 775-778.
47.
McNamara, T. & Roever, C. (2006). Language Testing: The social dimension. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
48.
Met, M. (1999). Content-based instruction: Defining terms, making decisions. College Park, MD: National Foreign Language Center.
49.
Morrow, K. (Ed.) (2004). Insights from the Common European Framework. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
50.
National Research Council (2001). Knowing what students know: The science and design of educational assessment. Committee on the Foundations of Assessment. J. Pelligrino, N. Chudowsky, and R. Glaser (Eds.). Board on Testing and Assessment, Center for Education. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10019&page=R1
51.
O'Loughlin, K. (2006). Learning about second language assessment: Insights from a postgraduate student on-line subject forum. University of Sydney Papers in TESOL, 1, 71-85.
52.
Purpura, J.E. (2004). Assessing grammar. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
53.
Rea-Dickins, P. (2007). Learning or measuring? Exploring teacher decision-making in planning for classroom-based language assessment. In S. Fotos & H. Nassaji (Eds.) Form-focused instruction and teacher education: Studies in honour of Rod Ellis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 193-210.
54.
Read, J. & Erlam, R. (2007). Language Assessment and Evaluation course description . http://www.arts.auckland.ac.nz/subjects/index.cfm?P=9003
55.
Shepard, L.A. (2000). The role of assessment in a learning culture, Educational Researcher, 29(7), 4-14.
56.
Shohamy, E. (2001). The power of tests. Harlow , England: Pearson Education.
57.
Shohamy, E. (2008) Introduction to Volume 7: Language testing and assessment. In E. Shohamy (Ed.). Language testing and assessment (Vol. 7). In N. Hornberger (general editor), Encyclopedia of language and education (2nd ed). New York : Springer Science and Business Media, Inc., pp. xiii-xxii.
58.
Solano-Flores, G. & Trumbul, E. (2003). Examining language in context: The need for new research and practice paradigms in the testing of English language learners . Educational Researcher, 32(2), 3-13.
59.
Standards for teacher competence in educational assessment of students. (1990). American Federation of teachers, national council on Measurement in Education, National Education Association . http://www.unl.edu/buros/bimm/html/article3.html
60.
Stoynoff, S. & Chapelle, C.A. (2005). ESOL tests and testing: A resource for teachers and program administrators. Alexandria, VA: TESOL Publications.
61.
Taylor, L. (2007, April). Two by two: paired interaction in large-scale proficiency assessment. Paper presented at The American Association for Applied Linguistics annual conference, Costa Mesa, CA.
62.
Teasdale, A. & Leung, C. (2000).Teacher assessment and psychometric theory: A case of paradigm crossing? Language Testing17(2), 163-84.
63.
Teemant, A., Smith, M., Pinnegar, S. & Egan, M.W. (2005) Modeling sociocultural pedagogy in distance education . Teachers College Record107(8), 2005, 1675-1698.
64.
Windschitl, M. (2002). Framing constructivism in practice as the negotiation of dilemmas: An analysis of the conceptual, pedagogical, cultural, and political challenges facing teachers. Review of Educational Research , 72(2), 131-175.
65.
Wolf, D., Bixby, J., Glenn, J. & Gardner, H. (1991). To use their minds well: Investigating new forms of student assessment. Review of Research in Education, 17, 31-74.
