Heterogeneity of peer network structures in early adolescence: Associations with personality,perceived social support and depressive symptoms

Abstract

Research shows peer networks are crucial in early adolescence, but few studies have examined their structural heterogeneity, links with personality, and mental health implications. This study identified latent profiles of peer network structures among Chinese adolescents and examined their associations with personality and mental health. Data were collected from 340 junior high school students (50% female) across four waves. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed using a set of network indicators: indegree, outdegree, centrality, density, and reciprocity. Three distinct profiles emerged in early adolescence: restricted networks (50%; low across indicators), clique-like networks (12.5%; low indegree/outdegree, high density/reciprocity), and extensive networks (37.5%; high indegree/outdegree, low density and moderate reciprocity). Adolescents in extensive networks reported the highest levels of perceived social support and the lowest levels of depressive symptoms contemporaneously, whereas those in clique-like networks showed no similar benefit. Specific personality traits were found to predict profile membership. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of adolescent peer networks and provide a framework for understanding social influences in early adolescence, with implications for mental health interventions.