Empowering inclusivity—advancing accessibility for visually impaired students through campus enhancement: An action research initiative

Abstract

Navigating unfamiliar environments poses significant challenges for individuals with visually impaired (VI) students. This study explored the orientation and mobility experiences of VI students at Cebu Normal University. Anchored on the Social Model of Disability and Universal Design for Learning, it examined how campus infrastructure supports or hinders mobility, the challenges VI students encounter, and the interventions that can enhance accessibility. Using a qualitative multiple case study within a participatory action research framework, data were collected from three VI students through interviews, focus group discussions, and post-intervention reflections. Findings revealed three key challenges, summarized as MAP: Missing markers, Assistance gaps, and Psychological strain. Co-developed interventions—including tactile guides, Braille and large-print signage, embossed maps, and staff orientation—improved navigation and reduced dependency. Participants proposed an institutional action plan to sustain these efforts. The study concludes with a proposed 5-point action plan, focusing on regular mobility audits, orientation and mobility training, production of accessible and sustainable signages, a Braille embossed MAP, and inclusive infrastructure planning especially assistive devices. The findings affirm that barriers to mobility stem not from personal impairments but from environmental and institutional shortcomings. Finally, continual research and evaluation is needed to create a difference one area at a time.