This essay considers studies of speech and language that base claims in exemplars by discussing: (1) some classic exemplars used by Austin, Wittgenstein, and others; and (2) exemplars' specifications of message and scene. One exemplist school, conversation analysis, receives emphasis in this treatment, and is contrasted with experimentation in terms of sampling, design, and techniques for analysis. Recommendations for exemplist research include: (1) giving priority to naturally occurring tape-recorded exemplars; (2) employing experimental techniques to extend exemplist research; (3) maintaining openness to innovation and serendipity.
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