Optimisation of a Method for the Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Renal Epithelial-like Cells

Abstract

Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) can differentiate into multiple cell lineages, but few methods have been developed to generate kidney lineage cells. Due to their human origin, pluripotent nature and immunomodulatory properties, these stem cells are attractive candidates for clinical applications such as the repair or regeneration of damaged organs. This study evaluated the renal differentiation potential of hucMSCs, when exposed for 10 days to optimised concentrations of retinoic acid, activin-A and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in various combinations, with and without the priming of the cells with a Wnt signalling pathway activator (CHIR99021). The hucMSCs were isolated and characterised according to surface marker expression (CD73, CD90, CD44, CD146 and CD8) and tri-lineage differentiation potential. The expression of key marker genes (OSR1, TBXT, HOXA13, SIX2, PAX2, KRT18 and ZO1) was examined by qRT-PCR. Specific marker protein expression (E-cadherin, cytokeratin-8 and cytokeratin-19) was analysed by immunocytochemistry. CHIR99021-primed cells treated with the retinoic acid, activin-A and BMP-7 cocktail showed epithelial cell-like differentiation — i.e. distinct phenotypic changes, as well as upregulated gene and protein expression, were observed that were consistent with an epithelial cell phenotype. Thus, our results showed that hucMSCs can efficiently differentiate into renal epithelial-like cells. This work may help in the development of focused therapeutic strategies, in which lineage-defined human stem cells can be used for renal regeneration.