In vitro systems for neurotoxicological studies can be useful for the investigation of events associated with pertubations of cellular and molecular targets that are similar to those in the intact animal. The toxicities of organophosphorus compounds, which inhibit esterases, and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which depletes dopamine, can be studied in human neuroblastoma cells.
EhrichM., & VeronesiB. (1999). In vitro neurotoxicology. In Neurotoxicology, 2nd edition (ed. TilsonH.A., & HarryG.J.), pp. 37–51. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Taylor & Francis.
2.
RowlesT.K., SongX., & EhrichM. (1995). Identification of endpoints affected by exposure of human neuroblastoma cells to neurotoxicants at concentrations below those that affect cell viability. In Vitro Toxicology8, 3–13.
3.
ChambersJ.E., & LeviP.E. (1992). Organophosphates, Chemistry, Fate, and Effects, 443 pp. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
4.
EhrichM., & JortnerB.S. (2001). Organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy. In Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology: Agents (ed. KriegerR.), pp. 987–1012. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
5.
TiptonK.R., & SingerT.P. (1993). Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of MPTP and related compounds. Journal of Neurochemistry61, 1191–1206.
6.
PrzedborskiS., Jackson-LewisV., NainiA.B., JakowecM., PetzingerG., MillerR., & AkramM. (2001). The parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): a technical review of its utility and safety. Journal of Neurochemistry76, 1265–1274.
7.
JohannessenJ.N., ChiuehC.C., BurnsR.S., & MarkeyS.P. (1985). Differences in the metabolism of MPTP in the rodent and primate parallel differences in sensitivity to its neurotoxic effects. Life Sciences36, 219–224.
8.
CarlsonK., & EhrichM. (2000). Human neuroblastoma cell viability and growth are affected by altered culture conditions. In Vitro and Molecular Toxicology13, 249–262.
9.
EhrichM., CorrellL., CarlsonK., WilckeJ., & VeronesiB. (1995). Examination of culture conditions on esterase activities in human and mouse neuroblastoma cells. In Vitro Toxicology8, 199–207.
10.
EhrichM., CorrellL., & VeronesiB. (1997). Acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase inhibitions in neuroblastoma cells to distinguish organophosphorus compounds causing acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology38, 55–63.
11.
CorrellL., & EhrichM. (1991). A microassay method for neurotoxic esterase determinations. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology16, 110–116.
12.
CarlsonK., & EhrichM. (1999). Organophosphorus compound-induced modification of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology160, 33–42.
13.
CarlsonK., & EhrichM. (2001). Organophosphorus compounds alter intracellular F-actin content in SHSY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurotoxicology22, 819–827.
14.
CarlsonK., JortnerB.S., & EhrichM. (2000). Organophosphorus compound-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology168, 102–113.
15.
MassicotteC., JortnerB.S., & EhrichM. (2003). Morphological effects of neuropathy-inducing organophosphorus compounds in primary dorsal root ganglia cell cultures. Neurotoxicology, in press.
16.
SongX., & EhrichM. (1997). MPTP affects cholinergic parameters in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In Vitro Toxicology10, 437–453.
17.
SongX., & EhrichM. (1998). Uptake and metabolism of MPTP and MPP+ in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. In Vitro and Molecular Toxicology11, 3–14.
18.
SongX., & EhrichM. (1998). MPTP-induced modulation of neurotransmitters in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. International Journal of Toxicology17, 677–701.
19.
SongX., PerkinsS., JortnerB.S., & EhrichM. (1997). Cytotoxic effects of MPTP on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neurotoxicology18, 341–354.
20.
SongX., & EhrichM. (1997). Alterations of cytoskeletal tau protein of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells after exposure to MPTP. Neurotoxicology19, 76–82.
21.
NostrandtA.C., RowlesT.K., & EhrichM. (1992). Cytotoxic effects of organophosphorus esters and other neurotoxic chemicals on cultured cells. In Vitro Toxicology5, 127–136.
22.
EhrichM., CorrellL., & VeronesiB. (1994). Neuropathy target esterase inhibition by organophosphorus esters in human neuroblastoma cells. Neurotoxicology15, 309–314.
23.
BarberD.S., & EhrichM. (2001). Esterase inhibition in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells following exposure to organophosphorus compounds for 28 days. In Vitro and Molecular Toxicology14, 129–135.
24.
BarberD., CorrellL., & EhrichM. (1999). Comparison of two in vitro activation systems for protoxicant organophosphorus esterase inhibitors. Toxicological Sciences47, 16–22.
25.
BarberD., CorrellL., & EhrichM. (1999). Comparative effectiveness of organophosphorus protoxicant activating systems in neuroblastoma cells and brain homogenates. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health57A, 63–74.
26.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (1991). Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision E. Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals. Addendum 10: Neurotoxicity, series 81, 82 and 83. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Washington, DC. EPA 540/09-1-123. Springfield, VA, USA: NTIS.
27.
JortnerB.S., BarberD., PerkinsS.K., HinckleyJ., & EhrichM. (1999). Morphologic study of nonlethal cytopathic effects of parathion and paraoxon in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Toxicological Sciences48, Suppl. 1, 184.