Is it couture or a sickness: A narrative review on eating disorder behaviors in fashion models

Abstract

Background

The modeling industry idealizes extremely low body mass, which may lead to the development of eating disorders (EDs) in models.

Aims

This review examines the impact this has on model body habitus, disordered eating behaviors and ED diagnoses in models, and the mental health of fashion models.

Methods

In February 2023, search terms “fashion models” and “eating disorders” were used on PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, Research Gate, Springer Access, Science Gate, and Google Scholar. Published peer-reviewed studies were included. Exclusion criteria included non-English articles, case studies, non-peer-reviewed articles, and non-relevant studies. Nineteen papers were selected and categorized into three subtopics: Physical characteristics of models, unhealthy weight control behaviors in modeling, and ED diagnoses in models.

Results

Models have significantly lower body mass index than controls and many engage in dysfunctional eating. There is mixed evidence on whether models have higher rates of EDs than non-models, though studies show a significantly higher rate of subclinical ED behaviors in models.

Conclusion

There is likely an increased risk of subclinical disordered eating behaviors in models. Couture manufacturers need to reflect on how it can protect the health of the professionals who popularize their products.