The Role of Self-Reported Health and Healthcare Dissatisfaction in Shaping Migration Aspirations Across Africa

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between self-reported health problems, healthcare dissatisfaction, and migration aspirations, preparations, and expectations in Africa, based on individual-level data from 46 African countries (2008–2015). The findings indicate that individuals experiencing health problems are more likely to expect to move domestically within the next 12 months and to take preparatory steps for international migration, such as purchasing a ticket or applying for a visa. However, health problems do not significantly correlate with general aspirations for international migration, suggesting their role is more pronounced in short-term migration expectations and concrete preparations rather than long-term migration preferences. Healthcare dissatisfaction is strongly associated with international migration aspirations but shows little association with actual preparations. It is also linked to higher expectations for (domestic) migration in the short term. Notably, the combined experience of health problems and healthcare dissatisfaction dampens the likelihood of domestic migration expectations, particularly in low-income countries, suggesting potential barriers for individuals facing dual vulnerabilities. Migration aspirations related to poor health and healthcare dissatisfaction are most pronounced among active-age, affluent, and highly educated urban residents — those with a greater “ability for migration.”