A malignant parapharyngeal neurilemmoma developed in a 45-year-old woman who had had a benign solitary neurilemmoma removed from the same area nine years previously. Incomplete excision was achieved through a mandibulotomy approach.
Malignant schwannoma usually is associated with neurofibromatosis and has a poor prognosis, spreading along the nerve of origin or by blood stream. Small localized tumors should be treated aggressively by surgery.
The possibility that a previously benign schwannoma underwent malignant transformation must be considered.
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