Correlation Between a Diagnosis of Anxiety or Depression and Initial VHI-10 Scores in Benign Dysphonia

Abstract

Objective

Anxiety and depression have demonstrated a positive correlation with vocal handicap among patients with benign causes of dysphonia. Our objective is to explore differences in initial Vocal Handicap Index–10 (VHI-10) scores between patients with a mental health history of anxiety or depression and those without.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Demographic data, diagnoses, and initial VHI-10 scores were collected for patients presenting with dysphonia to 2 tertiary laryngology clinics.

Methods

A Kruskal-Wallis test and subsequent Mann-Whitney U test for pairwise comparisons were used to compare distribution of VHI-10 scores among patients with anxiety, depression, anxiety and depression, and no such conditions. Bonferroni correction was used to control for multiple comparisons. Robust regression was used for multivariable analysis.

Results

A total of 620 cases of benign dysphonia were analyzed. Forty-two percent of the patient cohort had a preexisting diagnosis of anxiety (n = 121, 20%), depression (n = 64, 10%), or anxiety and depression (n = 74, 12%). VHI-10 scores were higher in patients with depression than in those without anxiety or depression (median difference, 4 [95% CI, 1-8]; P = .005) but did not differ significantly among the other groups. The effects of depression and anxiety status on initial VHI-10 scores among the causes of benign dysphonia varied.

Conclusions

Patients with a history of depression who presented with dysphonia had worse vocal handicap than those without anxiety/depression history. Future studies may clarify how optimization of anxiety and depression can affect patient-reported vocal handicap.