Associations between Diet and Sleep Duration in Different Menopausal Stages

Abstract

This study aimed to determine which dietary factors were associated with habitual sleep duration in pre/peri- and post-menopausal women. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N = 1,783). Habitual sleep duration was categorized as very short (<5 h), short (5–6 h), normal (7–8 h), and long (≥9 h). Diet assessment was performed following validated procedures. In pre/peri-menopausal women (n = 1,116), controlling for the confounders, fewer number of foods, less intake of protein, carbohydrates, thiamin (B1), food folate, total choline, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and selenium were significantly associated with a higher risk for very short sleep. Being on a low-salt diet was related to a lower risk for long sleep. In comparison, in post-menopausal women (n = 667), controlling for the confounders, more sugar intake, less intake of phosphorus and zinc were related to a higher risk for short sleep. There were novel associations between diet and sleep duration, particularly among pre/peri-menopausal women. Future research is needed to confirm those causal relationships.