The present study aims to explore the relationship between work demand and work–family conflict, and family demand and family–work conflict. This study also tries to find out the moderating effect of family-friendly policies between the proposed relationships. The data for this study were collected from 217 women employees working in steel manufacturing companies of Jharkhand. The results of the study indicate that there is positive correlation between work demand and work–family conflict, and family demand and family–work conflict. Moreover, family-friendly policies are observed to significantly moderate the relationship of work demand and work–family conflict, but they do not significantly moderate the relationship of family demand and family–work conflict. This article gives insights into understanding the role of family-friendly policies to reduce the work–family conflict among women employees. A few measures are suggested, and employers should adopt such policies to minimize the work–family conflict, which can lead to better work–life balance
AhmadA. (2007). Work-family conflict, life-cycle stage, social support, and coping strategies among women employeesThe Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 3(1), 70.
2.
AkramF. MHussainA (2020). Relationship of work-family conflict with job demands, social support and psychological well-being of university female teachers in Punjab. Bulletin of Education and Research, 42(1), 45-66.
3.
AllenT. D. (2001). Family-supportive work environments: The role of organizational perceptions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(3), 414-435.
4.
AryeeS.FieldsD.LukV.(1999). A cross-cultural test of a model of the work–family interface. Journal of Management, 25, 491-511.
5.
BacharachS. B.BambergerP.ConleyS. C.(1990). Work processes, role conflict, and role overload. Work and Occupations, 17(2), 199-228.
6.
BoyarS. L.MaertzC. P.MosleyD. C.CarrJ. C. (2008). The impact of work/family demand on work-family conflict. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(3), 215-235.
7.
CarlsonD. S.GrzywaczJ. G.ZivnuskaS. (2009). Is work−family balance more than conflict and enrichment?Human Relations, 62, 1459-1486.
8.
CarlsonD. S.KacmarK. M.WilliamsL. J. (2000). Construction and validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276.
9.
ChangXZhouYWangCPablos-HerederoC D (2017). How do work-family balance practices affect work-family conflict? The differential roles of work stress. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 11(8).
10.
ChristensenK. E.StainesG. L. (1990). Flexitime: A viable solution to work/family conflict?Journal of Family Issues, 11, 455-476.
11.
CieriD. H.HolmesB.Michelle PettitT.Jacqui AbbottJ.(2005). Achievements and challenges for work/Life Balance strategies in Australian Organizations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 90-103.
12.
ClarkS. C. (2001). Work cultures and work/family balance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 348-365.
13.
DashoraK. B. (2013). Problems faced by working women in India. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 2(8), 82-94.
14.
DuxburyL.HigginsC. (2001). Work-life balance in the new millennium: Where are we? Where do we need to go? (CPRN Discussion Paper No. W12). Retrieved fromhttp://www.cprn.org/documents/7314en.PDF
15.
ElloyD. F.MackieB. (2002). Overload and work-family conflict among Australian dual-career families: Moderating effects of support. Psychological Reports, 91(3), 907-913.
16.
EzraM.DeckmanM.(1996). Balancing work and family responsibilities: Flextime and child care in the federal government. Public Administration Review, 56(2), 174-179.
17.
FleetwoodS. (2007). Why work-life balance now?International Journal of Human Resources Management, 18, 287-400.
FroneM. R. (2003). Work–family balance. In QuickJ. C.TetrickL. E. (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health psychology
20.
FroneM. R.RussellM.CooperM. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 65-78.
21.
FroneM. R.YardleyJ. K.MarkelK. S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167.
22.
FryeN. K.BreaughJ. A. (2004). Family-friendly policies, supervisor support, work–family conflict, family–work conflict, and satisfaction: A test of a conceptual model. Journal of Business and Psychology, 19, 197-220.
23.
FuC. K.ShafferM. A. (2001). The tug of work and family: Direct and indirect domain specific determinants of work-family conflict. Personnel Review, 30(5), 502-522.
24.
GoffS. J.MountM. K.JamisonR. L. (1990). Employer supported childcare, work/family conflict, and absenteeism: A field study. Personnel Psychology, 43, 793-809.
25.
GreenhausJ. H.BeutellN. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
26.
GutekB. A.SearleS.KlepaL. (1991). Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(4), 560-568.
27.
GuY.WangR. (2019). Job demands and work–family conflict in preschool teachers: The buffering effects of job resources and off-job recovery experiences. Current Psychology, 2019, 1-12. doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00349-z
28.
HairJ. H.BlackW. C.BabinB. J.AndersonR. E.TathamR.(1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice –Hall International.
29.
HammerB. LBauerT. N.GrandeyA. A.(2003). Work-family conflict and work-related withdrawal behaviors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(3), 419-436.
HughesJ.BozionelosN. (2007). Work life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes. An exploratory study on the views of male workers. Personnel Review, 36(1), 145‐154.
JehangirMKareemNKhanAJanM T (2011). “Effects of job stress on job performance & job satisfaction”. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 3(7), 45-50.
34.
KaurA. P.TripathiK. (2013). Impact of work and family role demands on work life conflict amongst working woman. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3(8), 11-13.
35.
KellyE. L.MoenP.TranbyE. (2011). Changing workplaces to reduce work-family conflict: Schedule control in a white collar organisation. American Sociological Review, 76(2), 265-290.
36.
KimS. L. JLingS. C (2001). Work‐family conflict of women entrepreneurs in Singapore. Women in Management Review, 16(5), 204-221.
37.
KinnunenU.MaunoS. (1998). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among employed men and women in Finland. Human Relations, 51, 157-177.
38.
KirraneM.BuckleyF. (2004). The influence of support relationships on work-family conflict: Differentiating emotional from instrumental support. Equal Opportunities International, 23, 78-96.
39.
LakshmiK. SGopinathS. S (2013). Work- life balance of women employee with reference to teaching faculties. Abhinav International Monthly Referred Journal of Research in Management & Technology, 2, 53-62.
40.
LambertA. DMarlerJ. HGueutalH. G (2008). “Individual differences: Factors affecting employee utilization of flexible work arrangements”. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 73(1), 107-117.
41.
LuLKaoS-FChangT-TWuH-P (2008). “Workfamily demands, work flexibility, work/family conflict, and their consequences at work: A national probability sample in Taiwan”. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(1), 1-21.
MilkieM. A.MattinglyM. J.NomaguchiK. M.BianchiS. M.RobinsonJ. P. (2004). The time squeeze: Parental statuses and feelings about time with children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 739-761.
44.
MohanNPrabhaNMohanrajP (2010). Work-life balance through flexi-work arrangement: Empirical study on bank employees. International Journal of Management, 1(2), 53-61.
45.
NadeemS.AbbasQ.(2009). The impact of work-life conflict on job satisfactions of employees in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 4(5), 63-66.
46.
NasurdinA. M.O’DriscollM. P. (2011). Work overload, parental demand, perceived organizational support, family support, and work-family conflict among New Zealand and Malaysian academics, New Zealand. Journal of Psychology, 40(3), 38-48.
47.
NawabSIqbalS (2013). Impact of work-family conflict on job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(7), 101-110.
48.
NetemeyerR. G.BolesJ. S.McMurrianR. (1996). Development and validation of work– family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 400-410.
49.
NunnalyJ. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
50.
O’DriscollM. P.BroughP.KalliathT. J (2004). Work/family conflict, psychological well-being, satisfaction and social support: A longitudinal study in New Zealand. Equal Opportunities International, 23, 36-56.
51.
OstermanP. (1995). Work/family programmes and the employment relationship. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 681-700.
52.
ParasuramanS.GreenhausJ. H.GranroseC. S. (1992). Role stressors, social support, and well-being among two career couples. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 339-356.
53.
PoelmansS. A. Y.ChinchillaN.CardonaP. (2003). The adoption of family-friendly HRM policies: Completing for scarce resources in the labor market. International Journal of Manpower, 24(2), 128-147.
54.
PolitD.HunglerB. (1997). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal, and utilization (4th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: J.B.Lippincott Company.
RajaP. J. AKumarS. A (2013). A study on quality of work life of employees in Steel Authority of India, Salem. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 3(6), 1-15.
RaniJ. PAnbarasuJ. D. (2015). Impact of family-friendly policies in the police department on work-family conflict. International Journal of Organizational Behaviour & Management Perspectives, 4(2), 1753-1760.
59.
RathiN.BarathM. (2013). Work‐family conflict and job and family satisfaction: Moderating effect of social support among police personnel. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(4), 438-454.
60.
ReddyN. K.VrandaM. N.AhmedA.NirmalaB. P.SiddaramuB.(2010). Work-life balance among married women employee. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 112-118.
61.
SaeedRLodhiR. N.AhmedK.AfzalN. (2013). Work-life balance and stress with the turnover rate of the employees. World Applied Sciences Journal, 26(6), 834-839.
62.
SeligerH. W.ShohamyE. (1989). Second language research methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
63.
SilvaKLeilaH (2007). Women and work/life conflict at higher educational institutions. International Journal of Business Research, 7(3), 45-56.
64.
SkinnerN.PocockB. (2011). Flexibility and work-life interference in Australia. Journal of Industrial Relations, 53(1), 65-82.
StrachanG.BurgessJ. (1998). Towards a new deal for women workers in Australia? Growing employment share, enterprise bargaining and the family friendly workplace. Equal Opportunities International, 17(8), 1-13.
67.
StraubC. (2012). Antecedents and organizational consequences of family supportive supervisor behavior: A multilevel conceptual framework for research. Human Resource Management Review, 22(1), 15-26.
68.
ThomasL. T.GansterD. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 6-15.
69.
VictorL. D.ThavkumarD. (2011). Work-family conflict of women employee (special reference to banking sector) in batticola district. Available on. www.kln.ac.lk
70.
WilliamsK. J.AlligerG. M. (1994). Role stressors, mood spillover, and perceptions of work-family conflict in employed parents. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 837-868.
71.
YangN.ChenC. CChoiJZouY(2000). Sources of work-family life: A sino-U.S. comparison of the effect of work and family demands. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 113-123.
