The author examines the advantages and challenges of using Black feminist theory and critical race feminist theory to study the lives of Black women and families in family studies. The author addresses the ways in which these per spectives, both of which are intentional in their analyses of intersectionality and the politics of location, are also distinct. She provides empirical examples from how family researchers have used Black feminist theory or a critical race fem inist lens to examine the lives of Black women and families, and suggests ways for colleagues to embrace an explicit integration of Black consciousness and critical race feminist perspectives in family studies.
Alexander, I. (1988). Personality, psychological assessment, and psychobiography . In D. McAdams & R. Ochberg (Eds.), Psychobiography and life narratives (pp. 265-294). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
2.
Allen, K.R. (2000). A conscious and inclusive family studies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 4-17.
3.
Allen, W. (1978). The search for applicable theories of Black family life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 40, 117-131.
4.
Bell-Scott, P. (1995). Life notes: Personal writings by contemporary black women. New York: Norton.
5.
Bengtson, V. L., Acock, A. C., Allen, K. R., Dilworth-Anderson, P., & Klein, D. M. (Eds.). (2005). Sourcebook of family theory and research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6.
Bengtson, V.L., Allen, K.R., Klein, D.M., Dilworth-Anderson, P., & Acock, A.C. (2005). Controversies and firestorms: An epilogue. In V. L. Bengtson, A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen, P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 613-630). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7.
Borland, K. (2003). “That's not what I said”: Interpretive conflict in oral narrative research. In S. N. Hesse-Biber & P. Levy (Eds.), Approaches to qualitative research: A reader on theory and practice (pp. 522-534). New York: Oxford University Press.
8.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22, 723-742.
10.
Brown, A.C., Brody, G.H., & Stoneman, Z. (2000). Rural Black women and depression: A contextual analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62, 187-198.
11.
Collins, P.H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. London: Routledge.
12.
Collins, P.H. (1998). Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
13.
Combahee River Collective. (1977). The Combahee River Collective statement. In B. Smith (Ed.), Home girls: A Black feminist anthology (pp. 264-274). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press .
14.
Conover, P. (1988). Feminist and the gender gap. Journal of Politics, 50(4), 985-1010.
15.
Cook, E.A. (1989). Measuring feminist consciousness. Women and Politics, 9, 71-88.
16.
Crenshaw, K. (1993). Demarginalizing the interaction of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and anti-racist politics. In D. Weisberg (Ed.), Feminist legal theory: Foundations (pp. 383-411). Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
17.
Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York: New York University Press.
18.
DeReus, L., Few, A.L., & Blume, L.B. (2005). Multicultural and critical race feminisms: Theorizing families in the third wave. In V. L. Bengtson , A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen, P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 447-468). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
19.
Dilworth-Anderson, P., Burton, L.M., & Klein, D.M. (2005). Contemporary and emerging theories in studying families. In V. L. Bengtson, A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen , P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 59-89). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20.
DuGay, P. (Ed.). (1997). Production of cultures/Cultures of production. London: Sage.
21.
Few, A.L., Stephens, D.P., & Rouse Arnett, M. (2003). Sister-to-sister talk: Transcending boundaries and challenges in qualitative research with Black women. Family Relations, 52, 205-215.
22.
Gurin, P. (1985). Women's gender consciousness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 143-163.
23.
Gutiérrez, L., Oh, J.H., & Gillmore, M.R. (2000). Toward an understanding of (em)power(ment) for HIV/AIDS prevention with adolescent women. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 42, 581-611.
24.
Gutiérrez, L. M., & Lewis, E. A. (Eds.). (1999). Empowering women of color. New York: Columbia University Press.
25.
Henderson, T.L., & Cook, J. (2005). Grandma's hands: Black grandmothers speak about their experiences rearing grandchildren on TANF. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 61, 1-19.
26.
Herman, N.J., & Reynolds, L.T. (1994). Symbolic interaction: An introduction to social psychology. Lanham, MD: Altamira Press.
27.
hooks, b. (1984). Feminist theory: From margin to center. Boston : South End.
28.
hooks, b. (1990). Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics. Boston: South End.
29.
Hudson-Weems, C. (1993). Africana womanism: Reclaiming ourselves. Troy, MI: Bedford.
30.
Ingraham, C. (1996). The heterosexual imaginary: Feminist sociology and theories of gender. In S. Seidman (Ed.), Queer theory/sociology (pp. 168-193). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
31.
LaRossa, R., & Reitzes, D.C. (1993). Symbolic interactionism and family studies. In P. G. Boss, W. J. Doherty, R. LaRossa, W. R. Schumm, & S. K. Steinmetz (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theories and methods: A contextual approach (pp. 135-163). New York: Plenum.
32.
Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
33.
Lorde, A. (1993). The master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. In L. Richardson & V. Taylor (Eds.), Feminist frontiers III (pp. 10-11). New York: McGraw-Hill.
34.
Martin, J.M. (1993). The notion of difference for emerging womanist ethics: The writings of Audre Lourde andbellhooks. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 9, 39-51.
35.
McAdoo, H.P. (1988). Black families. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
36.
McAdoo, H.P., & McAdoo, J. (1985). Black children. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
37.
Mohanty, C.T. (1992). Feminist encounters: Locating the politics of experience. In M. Barrett & A. Phillips (Eds.), Destabilizing theory (pp. 74-92). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
38.
Nobles, W.W. (1978). Toward an empirical and theoretical framework for defining Black families. Journal of Marriage and Family , 40, 679-688.
39.
Oswald, R.F., Blume, L.B., & Marks, S.R. (2005). Decentering heteronormativity: A model for family studies. In V. L. Bengtson, A. C. Acock, K. R. Allen , P. Dilworth-Anderson, & D. M. Klein (Eds.), Sourcebook of family theory and research (pp. 143-165). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
40.
Peters, M.F. (1988). Parenting in Black families with young children: A historical perspective. In H. McAdoo (Ed.), Black families (pp. 228-241). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
41.
Richie, B.E. (1996). Compelled to crime: The gender entrapment of battered Black women. New York: Routledge .
42.
Russell, K., Wilson, M., & Hall, R. (1992). The color complex: The politics of skin color among African Americans. New York: Doubleday.
43.
Simien, E.M., & Clawson, R.A. (2004). The intersection of race and gender: An examination of Black feminist consciousness, race consciousness, and policy attitudes . Social Science Quarterly, 85, 793-810.
44.
Sprey, J. (1988). Current theorizing on the family. Journal of Marriage and Family, 50, 875-890.
45.
Stack, C. (1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a Black community. New York: Harper & Row.
46.
Staples, R. (1971). Introduction to Black sociology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
47.
Stephens, D.P., & Few, A.L. (in press). The effects of African American women's sexual images on adolescents' attitudes about physical attractiveness and interpersonal relationships . Sex Roles.
48.
Stephens, D.P., & Phillips, L.D. (2003). Freaks, gold diggers, divas and dykes: The socio-historical development of African American female adolescent scripts. Sexuality andCulture, 7, 3-47.
49.
Strauss, A.L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists. New York: Cambridge University Press.
50.
Sudbury, J. (1998). Other kinds of dreams: Black women's organizations and the politics of transformation. London: Routledge.
51.
Thomas, J. (1993). Doing critical ethnography. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
52.
Thompson, L., & Walker, A.J. (1995). The place of feminism in family studies. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57, 847-865.
53.
Walker, A. (1983). In search of our mother's gardens: Womanist prose . San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
54.
West, C. (1982). Prophesy deliverance! An Afro-American revolutionary Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.
55.
West, C. (1993). Prophetic reflections: Notes on race and power in America. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
56.
Wing, A. K. (Ed.). (1997). Critical race feminism: A reader. New York: New York University Press.
57.
Wing, A. K. (Ed.). (2000). Global critical race feminism: An international reader. New York : New York University Press.
