The present study examined the effects of self-selected age-segregated and age-integrated housing conditions on levels of interpersonal understanding (i.e., social perspectivism) among women 65 to 74 years and 75 and older. A third group of women, 40 to 49 years, was studied in order to establish a middle-aged comparison group. The central findings were that subjects from age-integrated housing had significantly higher levels of interpersonal understanding than subjects from age-segregated housing, and the younger group of elderly subjects had significantly higher levels of interpersonal understanding than the older group.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Bearison, D. J.
and T. Cassel. 1975. "Cognitive Decentration and Social Codes: Communicative Effectiveness and the Coordination of Perspectives in Young Children."Developmental Psychology11:29-38.
2.
Bultena, G. L.
and V. Wood. 1969. "The American Retirement Community: Bane or Blessing."Journal of Gerontology24:209-217.
3.
Carp, F. M.1966. A Future for the Aged: Victoria Plaza and Its Residents.Austin: University of Texas Press.
4.
Cohen, J.
and P. Cohen. 1975. Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Eribaum.
5.
Cooney, E. 1977. "Application of an Elementary Grade Social-Cognitive Intervention." Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University.
6.
Dolen, L.
and D. J. Bearison. 1982. "Social Interaction and Social Cognition in Aging."Human Development25:430-442.
7.
Enright, R. 1976. "An Experimental Analysis of a Social-Cognitive Model Through a Cross-Age Training Program." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota.
8.
Feffer, M.
and V. Gourevitch. 1960. "Cognitive Aspects in Role-Taking in Children."Journal of Personality28:383-396.
9.
Ferretti, F.1984. "Elderly Choose Retirement Community Living."New York TimesApril 5: C8.
10.
Flavell, J. H.
, P. Botkin, C. Fry, J. Wright, and P. Jarvis. 1968. The Development of Role-Taking and Communication Skills in Children.New York: John Wiley.
11.
Gubrium, J. P.1972. "Toward a Socio-Environmental Theory of Aging."Gerontologist12:281-284.
12.
Havighurst, R. J.
and B. L. Neugarten. 1972. "The Aims and Methods of Cross-National Research on Aging." In Adjustment to Retirement, edited by R. J. Havighurst, J. Munnichs, B. L. Neugarten, and H. Thomae. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum.
13.
Hollos, M.1975. "Logical Operations and Role-Taking Abilities in Two Cultures: Norway and Hungary."Child Development46:638-649.
14.
Hollos, M.
and P. A. Cowan. 1973. "Social Isolation and Cognitive Development: Logical Operations and Role-Taking Abilities in Three Norwegian Social Settings."Child Development44:630-641.
15.
Hooper, F. H.
and N. W. Sheehan. 1977. "Logical Concept Attainment During the Aging Years." In Knowledge and Development, Vol. 1, edited by W. F. Overton and J. M. Gallagher. New York: Plenum Press.
16.
Kahana, B.
and E. Kahana. 1970a. "Changes in Mental Status of Elderly Patients in Age-Integrated and Age-Segregated Hospital Milieus."Journal of Abnormal Psychology75:177-181.
17.
Kahana, B.
and E. Kahana. 1970b. "The Therapeutic Potential of Age-Segregated and Age-Integrated Patient Environments for Elderly Psychiatric Patients."Archives of General Psychiatry23:20-29.
18.
Labouvie-Vief, G.1977. "Adult Cognitive Development. In Search of Alternative Interpretations."Merrill-Palmer Quarterly23:227-263.
19.
Lawton, M. P.
and J. Cohen. 1974. "The Generality of Housing Impact on the Well-Being of Older People."Journal of Gerontology29:194-204.
20.
Lipman, A.1968. "Public Housing and Attitudinal Adjustment in Old Age: A Comparative Study."Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry2:88-101.
21.
Longino, C. F., Jr.
, K. A. McClelland, and W. A. Peterson. 1980. "The Aged Subculture Hypothesis."Journal of Gerontology35:758-767.
22.
Looft, W. R.1972. "Egocentrism and Social Interaction Across the Life-Span."Psychological Bulletin78:73-92.
23.
Looft, W. R.
and D. Charles. 1971. "Egocentrism and Social Interaction in Young and Old Adults."Journal of Aging and Human Development71:21-28.
24.
Madge, J.1969. "Aging and the Fields of Architecture and Planning." In Aging and Society, Vol. 2, edited by M. W. Riley, Jr., and M. E. Johnson. New York: Russell Sage.
25.
Messer, M.1967. "The Possibility of an Age-Concentrated Environment Becoming a Normative System."Gerontologist7:247-251.
26.
Muller, C.1985. Shared Housing for the Elderly: Report on an Information Synthesis. Report to the U.S. Veterans Administration, Portland, OR.
27.
Nahir, H. T.
and S. R. Yussen. 1977. "The Performance of Kibbutz-and-City-Reared Israeli Children on Two Role-Taking Tasks."Developmental Psychology13:450-455.
28.
Neugarten, B. L.1966. "Adult Personality: A Developmental View."Human Development9:61-73.
29.
Neugarten, B. L.
and L. Maddox. 1980. Report of the Panel on Behavioral and Social Sciences Research. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Publication No. NIH 80-1444. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
30.
Piaget, J.1932. The Moral Judgment of the Child.London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
31.
Piaget, J.1950. The Psychology of Intelligence.New York: Harcourt, Brace.
32.
Piaget, J.
and B. Inhelder. 1969. The Psychology of the Child.New York: Basic Books.
33.
Rosow, I.1967. Social Integration of the Aged.New York: Free Press.
34.
Rosow, I.1974. Socialization to Old Age.Berkeley: University of California Press.
35.
Selman, R.1971. "Taking Another's Perspective: Role-Taking Development in Early Childhood."Child Development42:1721-1743.
36.
Selman, R.1980. The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding.New York: Academic Press.
37.
Selman, R.
and D. F. Byrne. 1974. "A Structural-Developmental Analysis of Levels of Role-Taking in Middle Childhood."Child Development45:803-806.
38.
Selman, R.
and A. P. Demorest. 1986. "Putting Thoughts and Feelings into Perspective: A Developmental View on How Children Deal with Interpersonal Disequilibrium." In Thought and Emotion: Developmental Perspectives, edited by D. J. Bearison and H. Zimiles. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
39.
Selman, R.
and D. Jaquette. 1977. "The Development of Interpersonal Awareness." Unpublished manuscript, Harvard University.
40.
Selman, R.
and D. Jaquette. 1978. "Stability and Oscillation in Interpersonal Awareness: A Clinical-Developmental Analysis." In Twenty-Fifth Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, edited by C. B. Keasy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
41.
Shantz, C.1976. "The Development of Social Cognition." In Review of Child Development Research, Vol. 5, edited by E. M. Hetherington. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42.
Sherman, S. R.1972. "Satisfaction with Retirement Housing: Attitudes, Recommendations and Moves."Journal of Aging and Human Development3:339-366.
43.
Spivak, G.
and M. B. Shure. 1976. The Social Adjustment of Young Children: A Cognitive Approach to Solving Real-Life Problems.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
44.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health (NIH)
. 1980. Report of the Panel on Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, Publication #(NIH) 80-1444. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
45.
Weinstock, D.
and R. Bennett. 1971. "From 'Waiting on the List' to Becoming a 'Newcomer' and an 'Old-Timer' in a Home for the Aged."Journal of Aging and Human Development2:46-58.
