Previous research on dynamic processes during newcomer socialization has involved longitudinal field designs and state-of-the-art analyses. However, findings from this research either contradict key conceptual issues described by prominent socialization theories or are nondiagnostic regarding these issues. In this study computational modeling was used to (1) represent the presumed underlying processes in these theories, (2) demonstrate that current research does not test these theoretical processes, and (3) suggest the designs needed to support or refute components of dynamic theories.
Ashford, S.J.1986. The role of feedback seeking in individual adaptation: A resource perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 29: 465-487.
2.
Ashford, S.J., & Black, J.S.1996. Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 199-214.
3.
Ashford, S.J., & Cummings, L.L.1983. Feedback as an individual resource: Personal strategies of creating information. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 32: 370-398.
4.
Ashford, S.J., & Tsui, A.S.1991. Self-regulation for managerial effectiveness: The role of active feedback seeking. Academy of Management Journal , 34: 251-280.
5.
Austin, J.T., Scherbaum, C.A., & Mahlman, R.A.2002. History of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology: Measurement, design, analysis. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology: 3-33. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
6.
Bandura, A.1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
7.
Bauer, T.N.2006. Organizational socialization. In S. G. Rogelberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of industrial/organizational psychology: 581-585. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8.
Bauer, T.N., Bodner, T., Erdogan, B., Truxillo, D.M., & Tucker, J.S.2007. Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-analytic review of antecedents, outcomes, and methods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 707-721.
9.
Bauer, T.N., & Green, S.G.1998. Testing the combined effects of newcomer information seeking and manager clarifying behavior on socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 72-83.
10.
Beal, D.J., & Weiss, H.M. ( 2003). Methods of ecological momentary assessment in organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 6: 440-464.
11.
Berger, C.R., & Calabrese, R.J.1975. Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication . Human Communication Research, 1: 99-112.
12.
Bliese, P.D., & Ployhart, R.E. (2002). Growth modeling using random coefficient models: Model building, testing, and illustrations. Organizational Research Methods:5, 362-387.
13.
Boulding, K.E.1956. General systems theory-The skeleton of science. Management Science, 2: 197-208.
14.
Brief, A.P., & Weiss, H.M.2002. Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53: 279-307.
15.
Campbell, J.D.1990. The role of theory in industrial and organizational psychology . In H. C. Triandis, M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (2nd ed.), vol. 1: 39-73. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
16.
Carver, C., & Scheier, M.1998. On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
17.
Chan, D.1998. The conceptualization and analysis of change over time: An integrative approach incorporating longitudinal mean and covariance structures analysis (LMACS) and multiple indicator latent growth modeling (MLGM). Organizational Research Methods, 1: 421-483.
18.
Chan, D., & Schmitt, N.2000. Interindividual differences in intraindividual changes in proactivity during organizational entry: A latent growth modeling approach to understanding newcomer adaptation. Journal of Applied Psychology , 85: 190-210.
19.
Cervone, D., Shadel, W.G., Smith, R.E., & Fiori, M.2006. Self-regulation: Reminders and suggestions from personality science. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55: 333-385.
20.
Cronbach, L.J.1957. The two disciplines of scientific psychology. American Psychologist, 12: 671-684.
21.
Edwards, J.R.1992. A cybernetic theory of stress, coping, and well-being in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 17: 238-274.
22.
Feldman, D.C.1977. The role of initiation activities in socialization. Human Relations, 30: 977-990.
23.
Forrester, J.W.1961. Industrial dynamics. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
24.
Graen, G.B., Novak, M.A., & Sommerkamp, P.1982. The effects of leader-member exchanges and job design on productivity and job satisfaction: Testing a dual attachment model. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , 30: 109-131.
25.
Graen, G.B., & Scandura, T.A.1987. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9: 175-208.
26.
Harrison, J.R., Lin, Z., Carroll, G.R., & Carley, K.M. ( 2007). Simulation modeling in organizational and management research. Academy of Management Review, 32: 1229-1245.
Hulin, C.L., & Ilgen, D.R.2000. Introduction to computational modeling in organizations: The good that modeling does. In D. R. Ilgen & C. L. Hulin (Eds.), Computational modeling of behavior in organizations: The third scientific discipline: 3-18. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
29.
Hyland, M.E.1988. Motivational control theory: An integrative framework . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55: 642-651.
30.
Ilgen, D.R., & Hollenbeck, J.R.1991. The structure of work: Job design and roles. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), The handbook of industrial/organizational psychology (2nd ed.), vol. 2: 165-207. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
31.
Jagacinski, R.J., & Flach, J.M.2003. Control theory for humans: Quantitative approaches to modeling performance. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32.
Jones, G.R.1983. Psychological orientation and the process of organizational socialization: An interactionist perspective. Academy of Management Review, 8: 464-474.
33.
Kammeyer-Mueller, J.D., & Wanberg, C.R.2003. Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 779-794.
34.
Katz, R.1978. Job longevity as a situational factor in job satisfaction . Administrative Science Quarterly, 23: 204-223.
35.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R.1978. The social psychology of organizations. New York: Wiley.
36.
Klein, H.J.1989. An integrated control theory model of work motivation . Academy of Management Review, 14: 150-172.
37.
Klein, K.J., & Kozlowski, S.W.J.2000. Multilevel theory, research, and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
38.
Kluger, A.N., & DeNisi, A.1996. Effects of feedback intervention on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin, 119: 254-284.
39.
Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. ( 1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77: 1121-1134.
40.
Latham, G.P., & Locke, E.A.1991. Self-regulation through goal setting. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 212-247.
41.
Mitchell, T.R., & James, L.R.2001. Building better theory: Time and the specification of when things happen. Academy of Management Review, 26: 530-547.
42.
Miller, J.G.1978. Living systems. New York: McGraw-Hill.
43.
Miller, V.D., & Jablin, F.M.1991. Information seeking during organizational entry: Influences, tactics, and a model of the process. Academy of Management Review, 16: 92-120.
44.
Mischel, W.2004. Toward an integrative science of the person. Annual Review of Psychology, 55: 1-22.
45.
Morrison, E.W.1993a. Newcomer information seeking: Exploring types, modes, sources, and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 36: 557-589.
46.
Morrison, E.W.1993b. Longitudinal study of the effects of information seeking on newcomer socialization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78: 173-183.
47.
Morrison, E.W.2002. Information seeking within organizations. Human Communication Research, 28: 229-242.
48.
Morrison, E.W., & Bies, R.J.1991. Impression management in the feedback seeking process: A literature review and research agenda. Academy of Management Review, 16: 522-541.
49.
Morrison, E.W., & Vancouver, J.B.2000. Within-person analysis of information seeking: The effects of perceived costs and benefits. Journal of Management, 26: 119-137.
50.
Nelson, D.L., Quick, J.C., & Eakin, M.E.1988. A longitudinal study of newcomer role adjustment in U.S. organizations. Work and Stress, 2: 239-253.
51.
Pinder, C.C.1998. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
52.
Powers, W.T.1973. Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago: Aldine.
53.
Powers, W.T.1978. Quantitative analysis of purposive systems: Some spadework at the foundations of scientific psychology. Psychological Review, 85: 417-435.
54.
Reichers, A.E.1987. An interactionist perspective on newcomer socialization rates. Academy of Management Review, 12: 278-287.
55.
Rogosa, D.1988. Myths about longitudinal research. In K. W. Schaie, R. T. Campbell , W. Meredith, & S. C. Rawlings (Eds.), Methodological issues in aging research: 171-209. New York: Springer .
56.
Sackett, P.R., & Larson, J.R.1990. Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D. Dunnett & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, vol. 1: 419-489. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
57.
Saks, A.M., & Ashforth, B.E.1997. Socialization tactics and newcomer information acquisition. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 5: 48-61.
58.
Scandura, T.A., & Williams, E.A.2000. Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends, and implications for future research. Academy of Management Journal, 43: 1248-1264.
59.
Simon, H.A.1992. What is an "explanation" of behavior? Psychological Science, 3: 150-161.
60.
Singer, J.D., & Willett, J.B.2003. Applied longitudinal data analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.
61.
Teboul, J.C.1994. Facing and coping with uncertainty during organizational encounter. Management Communication Quarterly, 8: 190-224.
Tsui, A.S., & Ashford, S.J.1994. Adaptive self-regulation: A process view of managerial effectiveness. Journal of Management, 20: 93-121.
64.
Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E.1979. Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior, vol. 1: 109-264. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
65.
Vancouver, J.B.1996. Living systems theory as a paradigm for organizational behavior: Understanding humans, organizations, and social processes. Behavioral Science, 41: 165-204.
66.
Vancouver, J.B.2000. Self-regulation in industrial/organizational psychology: A tale of two paradigms. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation: 303-341. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
67.
Vancouver, J.B.2005. The depth of history and explanation as benefit and bane for psychological control theories. Journal of Applied Psychology , 90: 38-52.
68.
Vancouver, J.B., & Morrison, E.W.1995. Feedback inquiry: The effects of source attributes and individual differences. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 62: 276-285.
69.
Vancouver, J.B., Putka, D.J., & Scherbaum, C.A.2005. Testing a computational model of the goal-level effect: An example of a neglected methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 8: 100-127.
70.
von Bertalanffy, L. 1950. An outline of general system theory. British Journal of the Philosophy of Science, 1: 139-164.
71.
Wanberg, C.R., & Kammeyer-Mueller, J.D.2000. Predictors and outcomes of proactivity in the socialization process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85: 373-385.
72.
Wiener, N.1948. Cybernetics: Or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
