Non-statistical confirmatory factor analyses of the items on the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS) were performed on samples of 678 university stu dents and 341 male juvenile offenders to test hy potheses regarding the internal structure of the in strument. For the college sample, good confirma tion of the external and internal frames of reference postulated by Fitts (1965) were obtained, but sup port for the internal x external cross-classification was not obtained. No support for any of the hy potheses was found for the juvenile sample; rather, one major factor emerged. These findings are re lated to Super's theory of self-concept development, and implications of these findings regarding the psychometric properties of the TSCS and its use are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Armstrong, J.S., & Soelberg, P.On the interpretation of factor analysis. Psychological Bulletin , 1968, 70, 361-364.
2.
Barrett, T.C., & Tinsley, H.E.A.Vocational self-concept crystallization and vocational indecision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1977, 24, 301-307.
3.
Bartlett, M.W.Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 1950, 3, 77-85.
4.
Bentler, P.M., & Lee, S.A statistical development of three-mode factor analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 1979, 32, 87-104.
5.
Bolton, B.Factorial validity of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Psychological Reports, 1976, 39, 947-954.
6.
Collins, H.A., & Burger, G.K.The self-concept of adolescent retarded students. Educable and Trainable Mental Retardation, 1970, 5, 23-30.
7.
Drude, K.P.A study of the construct validity of self-concept measures. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, 1972.
8.
Fitts, W.H.Manual for Tennessee (Department of Mental Health) Self-Concept Scale. Nashville TN: Counselor Recordings and Tests, 1965.
9.
Fitts, W.H., & Hamner, W.T.Self-concept and delinquency (Studies on Self-Concept Monograph No. I. Nashville TN: Counselor Recordings and Tests, 1969.
10.
Fitzgibbons, D.J., & Cutler, R.The factor structure of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale among lower-class urban psychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 1972, 28, 184-186.
11.
Furr, H.B.Influences of a course in speech communication on certain aspects of the self-concept of college freshmen. Speech Teacher, 1970, 19, 26-31.
12.
Gable, R.K., LaSalle, A.J., & Cook, K.E.Dimensionality of self-perception: Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1973, 36, 551-560.
13.
Gorsuch, R.L.Factor analysis. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1974.
14.
Gross, W.F.Self-concept of alcoholics before and after treatment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1971, 27, 539-541.
Kropp, H., Calhoon, B., & Verrier, R.Modification of the self-concept of emotionally disturbed children by covert reinforcement. Behavior Therapy, 1971, 2, 201-204.
17.
Lang, R.J., & Vernon, P.E.Dimensionality of perceived self: The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1977, 16, 363-371.
18.
Padgett, H.G., & Gazda, G.M.Effects of group guidance and group counseling on the self-concept and professional attitude of prospective teachers. SPATE, 1968 , 6, 42-49.
19.
Pound, R.E., Hansen, J.C., & Putnam, B.A.An empirical analysis of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1977, 37, 545-551.
20.
Rentz, R.R., & White, W.F.Congruence of the dimensions of self-as-object and self-as-process. Journal of Psychology, 1967, 67, 277-285. (a)
21.
Rentz, R.R., & White, W.F.Factors of self perception in the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1967, 24, 118. (b)
22.
Resnick, H., Fauble, M.L., & Osipow, S.H.Vocational crystallization and self-esteem in college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1970, 17, 465-467.
23.
Richard, W.C., Mates, C.G., & Whitten, L.Personality traits and attitudes of adolescent girls with behavior disorders . Correctional Psychiatry and Journal of Social Therapies , 1969, 15, 34-44.
24.
Schwab, J.J., Harmeling, J.D., & McGinnis, N.H.Anxiety, self-concept, and body image: Psychosomatic corrections: I. A preliminary report. Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress in Psychiatry, 1968, 1966 (Part 4), 2715-2717.
25.
Super, D.E., Starishevsky, R., Matlin, N., & Jordaan, J.P.Career development: Self-concept theory. New York: College Entrance Examination Board, 1963.
26.
Tucker, L.R.The extension of factor analysis to three-dimensional matrices. In N. Frederiksen & H, Gulliksen (Eds.), Contributions to mathematical psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1964.
27.
Vacchiano, R.B., & Strauss, P.S.The construct validity of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1968, 24, 323-326.
28.
Vincent, J.An exploratory factor analysis relating to the construct validity of self-concept labels. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1968, 28, 915-921.
Weiss, D.J.Factor analysis and counseling research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1970, 17, 477-485.
31.
Weiss, D.J.Further considerations in applications of factor analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1971, 18, 85-92.
32.
Williams, R.L., & Byars, H.The effect of academic integration on the self-esteem of southern Negro students . Journal of Social Psychology, 1970, 80, 183-188.
33.
Wiley, R.C.The self-concept (Vol. I): A review of methodological considerations and measuring instruments. Lincoln NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1974.
34.
Wolff, J., & Desiderato, O.Transfer of assertion-training effects to roommates of program participants. Journal of Counseling Psychology , 1980, 27, 484-491.
