Judges chapters 4 and 5 feature first a narrative account, and then a poetic depiction of a 12th century bce battle and its aftermath. The conflict is between the forces of Israel and those of a Canaanite commander. In these chapters traditional sexual roles are overturned and subverted. Women are manly, and men are womanly. That these gender-based stereotypes are so clearly upended is integral to the message of the received text.
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ChisholmR. B.Jr.2013. “What Went on in Jael's Tent (Part Two).” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament, 27/2: 216–18.
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9.
DiamantA.1997. The Red Tent. London: St Martins.
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ExumJ. C.1985a. “Deborah,” Harper's Bible Dictionary, edited by AchtemeierP. J.. San Francisco: Harper and Row.
11.
ExumJ. C.1985b. “Mother in Israel: A Familiar Figure Reconsidered.” Pp. 73–85 in Feminist Interpretation of the Bible, edited by RussellL. M.. Philadelphia: Westminster.
12.
FewellD. N.GunnD. M.. 1990. “Controlling Perspectives: Women, Men, and the Authority of Violence in Judges 4 and 5.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion58/3: 389–412.
13.
Gur-KleinT.2013. “Sexual Hospitality in the Hebrew Bible?” Lectio Difficilior, (2, 2003) www.lectio.unibe.ch/03_2/gur.htm, accessed June 18, 2013.
14.
HalpernB.1988. The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History. San Francisco, Harper & Row.
15.
HanselmanS.W.1989. “Narrative Theory, Ideology, and Transformation in Judges 4,” in Anti-Covenant: Counter-Reading Women's Lives in the Hebrew Bible, edited by BalM.. Sheffield: Almond Press.
16.
HarringtonD.SaladriniA. J.. 1987. Targum Jonathan of the Former Prophets, Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier.
17.
KeilC. F.DelitzschF.1982Commentary on the Old Testament in Ten Volumes, Vol. II Joshua, Ruth I & II Samuel. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
18.
LoweryK. E.1992. “Jael” ABD3.
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MatthewsV.2004. Judges and Ruth, NCBC. Cambridge: Cambridge University.
20.
MatthewsV.1991. “Hospitality and Hostility in Judges 4”, Biblical Theology Bulletin21: 13–21.
21.
Midrash on Psalms. 1959. 2 vols. Translated by BraudeWilliam G.. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
22.
MillerG. P.1998. “A Riposte Form in The Song of Deborah,” edited by MatthewsV. H.LevinsonB. J.Frymer-KenskyT.. Gender and Law in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East, JSOT Supplement Series 262. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic.
23.
NiditchS.2008. Judges: A Commentary. OTL. Louisville & London: Westminster John Knox.
24.
Pseudo-Philo, 1985. Translated by HarringtonD. J.CharlesworthJames H.The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. 2. New York: Doubleday.
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ReisP. T.2005. “Uncovering Jael and Sisera. A New Reading,” Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament: An International Journal of Nordic Theology19/1: 24–47.
26.
RingeS. H.2012. “When Women Interpret the Bible,” edited by NewsomC. A.RingeS. H.LapsleyJ. E., Women's Bible Commentary, 3rd ed.Louisville: Westminster John Knox.
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29.
StewartA. W.2012. “Deborah, Jael, and their Interpreters,” edited by NewsomC. A.RingeS. H.LapsleyJ. E., Women's Bible Commentary, 3rd edition, Louisville: Westminster John Knox.
