A tactile, raised-line form of the TONI (test of nonverbal intelligence), a graphic performance test, may effectively measure the performance IQ of adults who are blind (that is, who habitually use senses other than vision to input the environment). Although the Tactile TONI may be too difficult for blind persons with low IQs, a pilot study shows that it may identify some kinds of learning disabilities or brain damage in blind adults who have low verbal intelligence scores relative to their achievement.
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