We collected data on 170 college students to assess retrospective perception of school-aged bullying experiences, hardiness and aspects of friendships and romantic relationships on the dimensions of trust, relationship quality and shyness. We found that rates of reported victimization were positively correlated with contemporaneous shyness levels. We also noted a statistically significant, inverse relationship between retrospective victimization levels and both friendship quality and trust.
Berthold, K. A. and Hoover, J. H. (2000) ‘Correlates of Bullying and Victimization Among Intermediate Students in the Midwestern USA’ , School Psychology International21: 65–78 .
2.
Boulton, M.J. , Bucci, E. and Hawker, D. D. S. (1999) ‘Swedish and English Secondary School Pupils’ Attitudes Towards, and Conceptions of, Bullying: Concurrent Links With Bully/Victim Involvement’ , Scandinavian Journal of Psychology40: 277–284 .
3.
Cheek, J. M. and Buss, A. H. (1981) ‘Shyness and Sociability’ , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology41(2): 330–339 .
4.
Hawker, D. S. J. and Boulton M. J. (2000) ‘Twenty Years’ Research on Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review of Cross-Sectional Studies’ , Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines41(4): 441–445 .
5.
Hendrick, S. S. (1988) ‘A Generic Measure of Relationship Satisfaction’ , Journal of Marriage and the Family50: 93–98 .
6.
Kobasa, S. C. (1979) ‘Stressful Life Events, Personality, and Health: An Inquiry Into Hardiness’ , Journal of Personality and Social Psychology37(1): 1–11 .
7.
Larzelere, R. E. and Huston T. L. (1980) ‘The Dydadic Trust Scale: Toward Understanding Interpersonal Trust in Close Relationships’ , Journal of Marriage and the Family42(3): 595–604 .
8.
Leary, M. R. , Kowalski, R. M. , Smith, L. and Phillips, S. (2003) ‘Teasing, Rejection, and Violence: Case Studies of the School Shootings’ , Aggressive Behavior29: 202–214 .
9.
Maddi, S. R. and Khoshaba, D. M. (2001) Personal Views Survey, 3rd edn, revised. Newport Beach, CA: Hardiness Institute Inc .
10.
Nansel, T. R. , Overpeck, M. , Pilla, R. S. , Ruan, W. J. , Simons-Morton, B. and Scheidt, P. (2001) ‘Bullying Behaviors Among US Youth: Prevalence and Association With Psychosocial Adjustment’ , Journal of the American Medical Association285(16): 2094–2100 .
11.
Oliver, R.Hoover, J. H. and Hazler R. (1994) ‘The Perceived Roles of Bullying in Small-Town Midwestern Schools’ , Journal of Counseling and Development(72): 416–420 .
12.
Olweus, D. (1997) ‘Bully/Victim Problems in School: Facts and Intervention’ , European Journal of Psychology of Education12: 495–910 .
13.
Olweus, D. (1993) ‘Victimization By Peers: Antecedents and Long-Term Outcomes’, in K. H. Rubin and J. B. Asendorf (eds) Social Withdrawal, Inhibition and Shyness in Children, pp. 315–342. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum .
14.
Rigby, K. (1998) ‘The Relationship Between Reported Health and Involvement in Bully/Victim Problems Among Male and Female Secondary Schoolchildren’ , Journal of Health Psychology3(4): 463–476 .
15.
Sharp, S. (1995) ‘How Much Does Bullying Hurt? The Effects of Bullying on The Personal Well Being and Educational Progress of Secondary Aged Students’ , Educational and Child Psychology12(2): 81–88 .
16.
Vossekuil, B. , Reddy, M. , and Fein, R. , Borum, R. and Modzeleski, W. (2000) US Secret Service Safe School Initiative: An Interim Report on The Prevention of Targeted Violence in Schools. Washington, DC: US Secret Service, National Threat Assessment Center .
