The History of Cushing's Disease: A Controversial Tale

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Cushing H.W. The basophilic adenomas of the pituitary body and their clinical manifestations (pituitary basophilism). Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1932; 50: 138–95

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Bishop P.M.F. , Close H.G. A Case of Basophil Adenoma of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary: “Cushing's Syndrome”. Guy's Hosp Rep 1932; 82: 143–53

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Costello R.T. Subclinical adenomas of the pituitary body. Mayo Clin Proc 1935; 10: 449–53

Susman Wm . Adenomata of pituitary: with special reference to pituitary basophilism of Cushing. Br J Surg 1935; 22: 539–44

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Bauer J. The so-called Cushing's syndrome, its history, terminology and differential diagnosis. Acta Med Scand 1950; 137: 412–16

Collip J.E. , Anderson E. , Thompson D.L. The adrenotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary. Lancet 1933; ii: 347–50

Jores A. Ueber Hormonuntersuchungen bei Morbus Cushing. Klin Wochenschr 1945; 14: 1348–52

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Albright F. , Parson W. , Bloomberg E. Cushing's syndrome interpreted as hyperadrenocorticism leading to hypergluconeogenesis; results of treatment with testosterone propionate. J Clin Endocrinol 1941; 1: 375–81

Guthrie L. , d'Este Emery W. Precocious obesity, premature sexual and physical development and hirsuties in relation to hypernephroma and other morbid conditions. Trans Clin Soc Lond 1907; 40: 175–202

Holmes G. A case of virilism associated with a suprarenal tumour; recovery after its removal. Q J Med 1924–25; 17: 143–52

Parkes Weber F. Cutaneous striae, purpura, high blood pressure, amenorrhoea and obesity, of the type sometimes connected with cortical tumours of the adrenal glands, occurring in the absence of any such tumour - with some remarks on the morphonogenetic and hormonic effects of true hypernephromata of the adrenal cortex. Br J Dermatol Syphilis 1926; 38: 1–5

Turney H.G. Discussion on disease of the pituitary body. Proc R Soc Med 1912/13; 6: 69

Anderson J. A case of polyglandular syndrome with adrenal hypernephroma and adenoma of the pituitary gland - both of small size. Glasgow Med J 1915; new series; 133: 178–92

Crooke A.C. A change in the basophilic cells of the pituitary gland common to conditions which exhibit the syndrome attributed to basophilic adenoma. J Pathol Bacteriol 1935; 41: 339–49

Hubble D. Cushing's syndrome and thymic carcinoma. Q J Med 1949; 18: 133–5

van Seters A.P. The history of Cushing's syndrome: controversies regarding pathogenesis in the 1930–1950s. In: Luedecke D.K. , Chrousos G.P. , Tolis G. , eds. ACTH, Cushing's syndrome and other hypercortisolemic states. New York: Raven Press, 1991

Hunder G.G. Pathogenesis of Cushing's disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1966; 41: 29–39

Crooke A.C. Basophilism and carcinoma of the pancreas. J Pathol Bacteriol 1946; 58: 667–700

Besser G.M. , Edwards C.R.W. Cushing's syndrome. Clin Endocrin Metab 1972; 1: 431–90

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Kepler E.S. Relationship of Crooke's changes in the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary body to Cushing's syndrome (pituitary basophilism). J Clin Endocrinol 1945; 5: 70–3

Howlett T.A. , Drury P.L. , Perry L. , Doniach I. , Rees L.H. , Besser G.M. Diagnosis and management of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: comparison of the features in ectopic and pituitary ACTH production. Clin Endocrinol 1986; 24: 699–713

Liddle G.W. , Island D. , Meader C.K. Recent Prog Horm Res 1962; 18: 125–35

Liddle G.W. , Nicholson W.E. , Island D.P. , Abe K. , Lowder S.C. Clinical and laboratory studies of ectopic hormonal syndromes. Recent Progr Horm Res 1969; 25: 283–305

Stuart Mason A. Reflections on Cushing's syndrome. Proc R Soc Med 1971; 64: 749–52