This article shows the process of developing a theoretical model on infant colic and parental self-efficacy. The aim of developing this model is to increase the understanding of infant colic, and develop a basis for further research on the topic. The strategy of theory synthesis described by Walker and Avant is used. Parental self-efficacy is viewed through the framework of Albert Bandura's self-efficacy theory. In the model infant colic affects parental self-efficacy through performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion and emotional arousal. A synthesis of the literature on infant colic and parental self-efficacy indicates how infant colic affects parental self-efficacy. There is found some support that the level of parental self-efficacy determines the care of the infant, and that the care the colicky infant receives from the parents affects the amount of crying.
WalkerLAvantK.: “Strategies for theory construction in nursing.”, Appleton and Lang, 1988.
2.
WesselM.A.CobbJ.C.JacksonE.B.: “Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called colic.”, Pediatrics, No. 14, s.421–435, 1954.
3.
IllingsworthR.S.: “Three Months Colic”, Archives of Diseases of Childhood, Vol.29, s. 165–168, 1954.
4.
IllingsworthR.S.: “Infantile Colic Revisited”, Archives of Diseases of Childhood, Vol.60, s.981–985, 1985.
5.
StåhlbergMR: “Infantile colic: Occurence and riscfactors”, Eur. J. Pediatr.Vol.143, No.2, s. 108–111, 1984.
6.
WikanderB.WahlbergV.: “Infantile Colic in an Psychodynamic and Nursing Perspective”, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, Vol.1, No.3–4, s. 103–109, 1987.
7.
LotheL.LindbergT.: “Cow's Milk Whey Protein Elicits Symptoms in Colicky Formula-Fed Infants: A double-blind crossover study”, Pediatrics, Vol.83, No.2, s. 262–266, 1989.
8.
MathesonI.KristensenK.LundePKM.: “Spebarns plager og legemiddelbruk”, Tidsskrift den Norske Lægeforening, Vol.109, No.22, s.2123–28, 1989.
9.
MathesonI.: “Spebarnskolikk, dokumenterte og udokumenterte behandlinger”, Medisinsk Årbog, 1993, Munksgaard, København.
10.
LotheL.LindbergT.JacobssonI.: “Cow's milk formula as a cause of Infantile colic.” Pediatrics, No.70, s.7–10, 1982.
11.
JacobssonI.LindbergT.: “Cow's milk protein cause infantile colic in breast-fed infants: A double-blind crossover study”Pediatrics, Vol.71, No.2, s.268–271, 1983.
KlougartN.NilssonN.JacobsenJ.: “Infantile colic treated by chiropractors.”, Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Vol.12, No.4, 1989.
ChessS.ThomasA.BirchH.: “Ditt barn er en personlighet”, Bokførlaget Aldus/Bonniers, Stockholm, 1966.
16.
LakinM.: “Personality Factors in Mothers of Excessively Crying (Colicky) Infants”, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, Vol.22. No.1, s.7–48, 1957.
ParadiseJ.L.: “Maternal and other factors in the etiology of infant colic”, JAMA, Vol.197, No.3, s.191–199, 1966.
19.
TaubmanB.: “Clinical Trial in the Treatment of Colic”, Pediatrics, Vol.74, No.6, s. 998–1003, 1984.
20.
TaubmanB.: “Parental counseling compared with elimination of cow's milk or soy milk for the treatment of infant colic syndrome”. Pediatrics, Vol.81, No.6, s.756–761.
21.
KeefeMR.: “Irritable infant syndrome: Theoretical perspectives and practice implications.”Advances in Nursing Science, Vol.10, no.3, s.70–78, 1988.
22.
ThomasD.B.: “Aetiological Associations in Infantile Colic”, Australian Pediatric Journal, Vol.17, s.292–295, 1981.
ThompsonP.E.: “Effects of Infant Colic on the Family: Implications of Practice”, Pediatric Nursing, Vol.9, No.4, s.273–285, 1986.
25.
KeefeMRFrose-FretzA.: “Living with an irritable infant: Maternal perspectives.”MCN, Vol.16, No.5, s.255–259, 1991.
26.
BoukydisC.F.: “Infant Crying as an Interpersonal Event”, LesterBoukydis Fra (Eds.): Infant Crying, Theoretical and Research Perspectives, New York, Plenum Press, 1985.
27.
AntonovskyA.: “Health, Stress and Coping”, Washington, Jossey-Bass Inc. Publishers, 1981.
28.
FrodiA.: “Aversive Infant Crying and Childabuse”, Lester/BoukydisFra (Eds.): Infant crying, theoretical and research Perspectives. New York, Plenum Press, 1985.
29.
BanduraA.: “Self-Efficacy: Towards a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change”, Psychological Review, Vol.84, No.2, s.191–215, 1977b.
30.
BaduraA.: “Self-Efficacy Mechanism in Human Agency”, American Psychologist, Vol.37, No.2, s.122–47, 1982.
31.
BanduraA.: “Conclusion: Reflections on nonability determinants of competence”, In SternbergR.KolliganJ. (Eds.), Competence concidered, Yale University Press, 1990.
32.
DuveAM.: “Det første leveårets psykologi”, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1977.
33.
WilkieC.F.AmesE.W.: “The relationship of infant crying to parental stress in the transition to parenthood.”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, No.48, s,545–550, 1986.
34.
VenturaJ.N.: “The stress of parenthood reexamined”, Family Relations, No.36, s.26–29, 1987.
35.
DonovanWL.LeavittLA.WalshRO.: “Maternal self-efficacy: Illusory control and its effects on susceptibilty to learned helplessness.”Child Development, Vol.61, No.5, s.1638–47, 1990.
36.
DonovanWL.LeavittLA.: Maternal self-efficacy and infant attachement: Integrating physiologi. Perceptions and behavior.”Child Development, Vol.60, No.2, s.460–472, 1989.
37.
CutronaC.TroutmanBR.: “Social support, infant temperament, and parenting self-efficacy: A mediational model of postpartum depression.: Child Development, Vol.57, No.6, s.1507–1518, 1986.
38.
TetiD.M.GelfandD.M.: “Behavioral competence among mothers of infants in the first year: The mediational role of maternal self-efficacy.”, Child Development, Vol.62, No.5, s.918–929, 1991.
39.
FromanRD.OwenSD.: “Infant care self-efficacy”, Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing, vol.3, No.3, s.199–211, 1989.
PridhamK.F.: “Life With a New Baby: Stressors, Supports and Maternal Experience”, Public Health Nursing, Vol.3, No.4, 1986.
42.
LesterB.M.: “There's More to Crying Than Meets the Ear”, in LesterBoukydis (Eds.): Infant Crying, Theoretical and Research Perspectives, New York, Plenum Press, 1985.
43.
ForsythB.W.: “Colic and the effect of changing formula”, J. Pediatr., Vol.115, No.4, s.521–526, 1989.
44.
CrockenbergSB.: “Infant irritability, mother responsiveness, and social support influences on the security of infant-mother attachement”. Child Development, Vol.52, s.881–865, 1981.
