The effect of polyurethane and carnauba wax on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene nitrile rubber coating working gloves

Abstract

In this study, the effect of polyurethane (PU) and carnauba wax (CW) on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene nitrile rubber coating gloves was investigated. Thermal decomposition and morphological characterizations were carried out using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was done to determine the chemical interactions between NBR and PU in the polymer matrix. After the vulcanization of NBR, including PU and CW, thermal stability was increased. The spectrums of FTIR showed that carboxyl groups of NBR were linked to the PU to form stable complexes between polymeric chains via H-bonding. SEM images showed that because CW acted as a dispersant for the colloidal particles, the surface appeared smooth compared with the non-containing PU/CW samples. Tensile and tear strength and abrasion resistance tests were conducted using the specimens of vulcanized NBR including PU/CW under uniaxial loading. Test specimens were prepared using hydraulic mold according to EN 388 standards. Cross-head speeds were chosen as 100 mm min⁻¹. The chemical and morphological changes due to PU/CW had no significant effects on the macro-mechanical responses of the tensile and tear strength. However, it was obviously determined that the abrasion resistance was enhanced by the increase in the amount of CW.

Keywords

NBR gloves physicochemical characterization mechanical properties tearing abrasion SEM Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Ahmad

Ismail

Rashid

. Ethylene vinyl acetate as compatibilizer on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of (natural rubber)/(Recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) blends. J Vinyl Add Technol 2017; 23: 135–141.

Aliabadi

Naderi

Shahtaheri

. Mechanical and barrier properties of XNBR-clay nanocomposite: a promising material for protective gloves. Iran Polym J 2014; 23: 289–296.

Phalen

Wong

. Polymer properties associated with chemical permeation performance of disposable nitrile rubber gloves. J Appl Polym Sci 2015; 132: 41449.

Schwerin

Walsh

Coleman Richardson

. Biaxial flex-fatigue and viral penetration of natural rubber latex gloves before and after artificial aging. J Biomed Mater Res A 2002; 63: 739–745.

Zulkepli

Ismail

Rashid

. Effects of different particle sizes of recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and its blend ratios on mechanical and morphological properties and curing characteristics of SBR/NBRr blends. Iran Polym J 2009; 18: 139–148.

Noriman

Ismail

. Effect of carbon black/silica hybrid filler on thermal properties, fatigue life, and natural weathering of SBR/recycled NBR blends. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomat 2013; 62: 252–259.

Irzmańska

Dyńska-Kukulska

Jurczyk-Kowalska

. Characteristics of microstructural phenomena occurring on the surface of protective gloves by the action of mechanical and chemical factors. Polimery 2014; 59: 136–146.

Vinches

Testori

Dolez

. Experimental evaluation of the penetration of TiO₂ nanoparticles through protective clothing and gloves under conditions simulating occupational use. Nanosci Method 2013; 2: 1–15.

Triki

Arrieta

Boukehili

. Tear behavior of polyester-based coated textiles after thermo-oxidative aging. Polym Compos 2012; 33: 1007–1017.

10.

Ikeda

Yasuda

Ohashi

. Dinuclear Bridging Bidentate Zinc/Stearate Complex in Sulfur Cross-Linking of Rubber. Macromolecules 2015; 48: 462–475.

11.

Noriman

Ismail

. The effects of electron beam irradiation on the thermal properties, fatigue life and natural weathering of styrene butadiene rubber/recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber blends. Mater Des 2011; 32: 3336–3346.

12.

Yorsaeng

Pornsunthorntawee

Rujiravanit

. Preparation and characterization of chitosan-coated DBD plasma-treated natural rubber latex medical surgical gloves with antibacterial activities. Plasm Chem Plasm Proc 2012; 32: 1275–1292.

13.

Ismail

Ahmad

Rashid

. Fatigue, Resilience, Hardness, and Swelling Behaviour of Natural Rubber/Recycled Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NR/NBRr) Blends. Polym Polym Compos 2015; 23: 583.

14.

Hamann

Sullivan

Wright

. Protective gloves. In: Alikkhan

Lachapelle

Maibach

(eds) Textbook of hand eczema. Berlin: Springer, 2014, pp. 295–306.

15.

Ahmad

Ismail

Azura

. Comparison properties of natural rubber/virgin acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber and natural rubber/recycled acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber blends. Iran Polym J 2015; 24: 185–195.

16.

Vinches

Dolez

Wilkinson

. Experimental evaluation of the resistance of nitrile rubber protective gloves against TiO₂ nanoparticles in water under conditions simulating occupational use. In: International Conferences on Safe Production and Use of Nanomaterials (eds Tardif

Shuster

), Grenoble, France, 13–15 November 2012, 429, pp. 012056, Bristol: IOP Science.

17.

Liyanaarachchi

Liyanage

. The effectiveness of a watersoluble synthetic acrylic polymer in enhancing reinforcing action of silica in carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber latex. In: Moratuwa engineering research conference, Moratuwa (eds Jayasekara

A.G.B.P.

), Sri Lanka, 7–8 April 2015, paper no. 15180256, pp. 240–245. Danvers: IEEE.

18.

El-Nemr

. Effect of different curing systems on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates. Mater Des 2011; 32: 3361–3369.

19.

Awais

Tausif

Ahmad

. Inclusion of recycled PPTA fibre in development of cut-resistant gloves. J Text Instit 2015; 106: 354–358.

20.

Mou

Shen

Shi

. A novel nitrile butadiene rubber/zinc chloride composite: Coordination reaction and miscibility. Eur Polym J 2012; 48: 857–865.

21.

Tahir

Stöckelhuber

Mahmood

. Highly reinforced blends of nitrile butadiene rubber and in-situ synthesized polyurethane–urea. Eur Polym J 2015; 73: 75–87.

22.

Canning

Jablonski

McQuillan

. Quantification of surface defects on chemically protective gloves following their use in agriculture. Annal Agricult Environ Med 1998; 5: 45–56.

23.

Lee

M-S

. Modified NBR gloves Google Patents-a new method. Patent application US6874165B2, USA, 2005.

24.

Chen

. Flexible glove and the preparation method thereof, Google Patents-a new method. Patent application US 20090288237A1, USA, 2008.

25.

Ahmad

Ismail

Rashid

. Tensile Properties and morphology of epoxidized natural rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (enr 50/nbrr) blends. Proc Chem 2016; 19: 359–365.

26.

Ahmad

Ismail

Rashid

. ENR-50 compatibilized natural rubber/recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber blends. Sains Malays 2015; 44: 835–842.

27.

Mellström

Carlsson

. European standards on protective gloves. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

28.

Mandal

. Ionic elastomer based on carboxylated nitrile rubber: infrared spectral analysis. Polym Int 2000; 49: 1653–1657.

29.

Antony

Bandyopadhyay

. Synergism in properties of ionomeric polyblends based on zinc salts of carboxylated nitrile rubber and poly (ethylene-co-acrylic acid). Polymer 2000; 41: 787–793.

30.

Mahmood

Ullah Khan

Ali

. Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane–urea and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012; 123: 3635–3643.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.19 MB