Introduction

Alleyne, Mervyn 1988 The Roots of Jamaican Culture London: Pluto Press.

Baud, Michiel 1996 "'Constitutionally white' : the forging of a national identity in the Dominican Republic," in Gert Oostindie (ed ), Ethnicity in the Caribbean. London: Macmillan Caribbean

de la Fuente, Alejandro 1995 "Race and inequality in Cuba, 1899-1981." Journal of Contemporary History 30: 131-168

. Degler, Carl N. 1971 Neither Black nor White: Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and the United States New York: Macmillan.

Fernandez, Florestan 1969 "The weight of the past," in J. H. Franklin (ed.), Color and Race. Boston: Beacon.

Fernandez, Nadine T. 1996 "The color of love: young interracial couples in Cuba." Latin American Perspectives 23(1) 99-118

. Flores, Juan and George Yudice 1993 "Living borders/Buscando América: languages of Latino self-formation," in Juan Flores (ed.), Divided Borders: Essays on Puerto Rican Identity Houston: Arte Público Press.

Gramsci, Antonio 1971 Selections from the Prison Notebooks New York: International Publishers

Hanchard, Michael G. 1994 Orpheus and Power: The Movimiento Negro of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil, 1945-1988 Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Harris, Marvin 1964 Patterns of Race in the Americas New York: Walker.

Harrison, Faye 1995 "The persistent power of 'race' in the cultural and political economy of racism." Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 47-74

. Hasenblag, Carlos A. and Nelson do Valle Silva 1992 Relações raciais no Brasil contemporâneo Rio de Janeiro: Rio Fundo Editora.

Hoetink, Harry 1967 The Two Variants of Caribbean Race Relations: A Contribution to the Sociology of Segmented Societies London: Oxford University Press.

1985 "'Race' and color in the Caribbean," in Sidney Mintz and Sally Price (eds.), Caribbean Contours. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Keith, Verna and Cednc Herring 1991 "Skin tone and stratification in the black community " American Journal of Sociology 27(3): 760-769

Lovell, Peggy 1994 "Race, gender, and development in Brazil " Latin American Research Review 29(3): 7-36

. Martinez-Alier, Verena 1974 Marriage, Class, and Colour in Nineteenth-Century Cuba: A Study of Racial Attitudes and Sexual Values in a Slave Society London: Cambridge University Press.

McGamty, Gayle and Osvaldo Cárdenas 1995 "Cuba," in No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today London: Minority Rights Group

Mintz, Sidney 1974 Caribbean Transformations Chicago : Aldine.

Mintz, Sidney and Richard Price 1992 The Birth of African-American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective Boston: Beacon.

Nazzari, Muriel 1996 "Concubinage in colonial Brazil the inequalities of race, class, and gender." Journal of Family History 21(2). 107-124

Oboler, Suzanne 1995 Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Omi, Michael and Howard Winant 1986 Racial Formation in the United States From the 1960s to the 1980s New York. Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Portes, Alejandro (ed) 1994 The New Second Generation International Migration Review 28(4)

Price, Richard 1979 Maroon Societies Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press

Quintero Rivera, Angel 1996 "The somatology of manners: class, race, and gender in the history of dance etiquette in the Hispanic Caribbean," in Gert Oostindie (ed.), Ethnicity in the Caribbean London Macmillan Caribbean.

Reca, Ines, Mayda Alvarez, Mana del Carmen Caño, Gilda Castilla, Maritza Garcia, Orlando

Garcia, Consuelo Martin , Alicia Pañales , and Maysús Ystokazu 1990 Análisis de las investigaciones sobre la familia cubana 1970-1987 Havana Center for Psychological and Sociological Research, Cuban Academy of Sciences.

Safa, Helen I 1981 "The differential incorporation of Hispanic women migrants into the U S labor force," in D. Mortimer and R. S. Bryce-Laporte (eds.), Female Immigrants to the United States Caribbean, Latin American and African Experiences. Washington, DC Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies, Smithsonian Institution.

Scarano, Francisco 1996 "The jíbaro masquerade and the subaltern politics of creole identity formation in Puerto Rico, 1745-1823." American Historical Review, December.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. 1992 The Disuniting ofAmerica New York: Norton.

Seda Bonilla, Edwin 1970 Requiem por una cultura Rio Piedras: Ediciones Edil.

Skidmore, Thomas E. 1993 "Bi-racial U.S.A. vs. multi-racial Brazil: is the contrast still valid?" Journal of Latin American Studies 25(2): 373-386

. Spickard, Paul R. 1989 Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity m Twentieth-Century America Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Stoler, Ann 1989 "Making empire respectable: the politics of race and sexual morality in 20th-century colonial cultures." American Ethnologist 16(1): 634-660

. Tannenbaum, Frank 1946 Slave and Citizen New York: Vintage.

Wade, Peter 1993 Blackness and Race Mixture: The Dynamics of Racial Identity m Colombia Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

1995 "The cultural politics of blackness in Colombia." American Ethnologist 22(2): 341-357

. Wagley, Charles 1958 Minorities in the New World: Six Case Studies New York: Columbia University Press.

Winant, Howard 1992 "Rethinking race in Brazil." Journal of Latin American Studies 24(1): 173-192

. 1994 Racial Conditions Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Wood, Charles H. and Jose Alberto Magno de Carvalho 1988 TheDemography of Inequality in Brazil Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.