This review examines female offender reentry within the context of the Transition from Prison to Community Initiative (TPCI). Specifically, we consider each stage of the TPCI, noting the extent to which current reentry policies and practices can be informed by gender responsiveness. To illustrate further, we compare reentry approaches and correctional outcomes in two states. Directions for further research on female offender reentry and TPCI evaluations are discussed.
AndrewsD. A.BontaJ. (2010). The psychology of criminal conduct (5th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson.
2.
AndrewsD. A.BontaJ.WormithJ. S. (2006). The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment. Crime and Delinquency, 52, 7-27.
3.
AndrewsD. A.BontaJ.WormithJ. S. (2011). The risk-need-responsivity (RNR)model: Does adding the good lives model contribute to effective crime prevention?Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 735-755.
4.
AndrewsD. A.BontaJ.WormithJ. S.GuzzoL.BrewsA.RettingerJ.RoweR. (2011). Sources of variability in estimates of predictive validity. A specification with Level of Service general risk/need. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38, 413-432.
5.
AndrewsD. A.GuzzoL.RaynorP.RoweR. C.RettingerL. J.BrewsA.WormithJ. S. (2012). Are the major risk/need factors predictive of both female and male reoffending? A test with the eight domains of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 56, 113-133.
6.
ArdittiJ. A.FewA. L. (2006). Mothers’ reentry into family life following incarceration. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17, 103-123.
7.
Arkansas Department of Corrections. (2012). Annual report. Little Rock, AR: Author.
8.
Arkansas Department of Corrections. (2013). Inmate handbook. Little Rock, AR: Author.
9.
BelknapJ.HolsingerK. (2006). The gendered nature of risk factors for delinquency. Feminist Criminology, 1, 48-71.
10.
BendaB. B. (2005). Gender differences in life-course theory of recidivism: A survival analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 49, 325-342.
11.
BermanJ. (2005). Women offender transition and reentry: Gender responsive approaches to transitioning women offenders from prison to the community. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
12.
BloomB.OwenB.CovingtonS. (2003). Gender-responsive strategies: Research practice and guiding principles for women offenders. Washington, DC: USDOJ, National Institute of Corrections.
13.
BloomB.OwenB.CovingtonS. (2004). Women offenders and the gendered effects of public policy. Review of Policy Research, 21, 31-48.
14.
BonczarT. P. (2008). Characteristics of state parole supervising agencies, 2006. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
15.
BontaJ. (2002). Offender risk assessment: Guidelines for selection and use. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29, 355-379.
16.
BrennanT.BreitenbachM.DieterichW.SalisburyE. J.Van VoorhisP. (2012). Women’s pathways to serious and habitual crime: A person-centered analysis incorporating gender-responsive factors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39, 1481-1508.
17.
BrennanT.DieterichW.EhretB. (2009). Evaluating the predictive validity of the COMPAS risk and needs assessment system. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 21-40.
18.
Burgess-ProctorA. (2012). Pathways of victimization and resistance: Toward a feminist theory of battered women’s help-seeking. Justice Quarterly, 29, 309-346.
19.
BurkeP. B. (2008). Offender transition and reentry: A systems approach to building safer and healthier communities. Corrections Today, 72, 64-65.
20.
CarsonE. A.SabolW. J. (2012). Prisoners in 2011. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
21.
ClearT. R.GallagherK. W. (1985). Probation and parole supervision: A review of current classification practices. Crime and Delinquency, 31, 423-440.
22.
ClementsC. B. (1996). Offender classification: Two decades of progress. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 121-143.
23.
CoidJ.PetruckevitchA.FederG.ChungW.RichardsonJ.MooreyS. (2001). Relation between childhood sexual and physical abuse and risk of revictimization in women: A cross-sectional survey. The Lancet, 358, 450-454.
24.
ComptonT.WilsonB. K. (2008). Arkansas recidivism study. Little Rock, AR: Arkansas Department of Corrections.
25.
CovingtonS. (2002). Helping women recover: Creating gender-responsive treatment. In StraussnerS.BrownS. (Eds.), The handbook of addiction treatment for women: Theory and practice (pp. 52-72). San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
26.
CovingtonS. (2008). Women and addiction: A trauma-informed approach. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 40(SARC, Suppl. 5), 387-398.
27.
CovingtonS.BloomB. (2007). Gender-responsive treatment and services in correctional settings. In LeederE. (Ed.), Inside and out: Women, prison, and therapy (pp. 9-34). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
28.
DalyK. (1992). Women’s pathways to felony court: Feminist theories of law breaking and problems of representation. Southern California Review of Law and Women’s Studies, 2, 11-52.
29.
DuroseM. R.LanganP. A. (2007). Felony sentences in state courts, 2004. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics Bulletin.
30.
Florida Parole Commission. (2011). Status update: Restoration of civil rights (RCR) cases granted, 2009 and 2010. Tallahassee, FL: Author.
31.
GendreauP.LittleT.GogginC. (1996). A meta-analysis of the predictors of adult offender recidivism: What works!Criminology, 34, 575-607.
32.
GuerinoP.HarrisonP. M.SabolW. J. (2011). Prisoners in 2010. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
33.
Hannah-MoffatK. (2009). Gridlock or mutability: Reconsidering gender and risk assessment. Criminology and Public Policy, 8, 209-219.
HardymanP.Van VoorhisP. (2004). Developing gender-specific classification systems for women offenders. Washington, DC: National Institute of Corrections.
36.
HerrschaftB. A.VeyseyB. M.Tubman-CarboneH. R.ChristianJ. (2009). Gender differences in the transformation narrative: Implications for revised reentry strategies for female offenders. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 48, 463-482.
37.
HoltfreterK.CuppK. (2007). Gender and risk assessment: The empirical status of the LSI-R for women. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23, 363-382.
38.
HoltfreterK.MorashM. (2003). The needs of women offenders: Implications for correctional programming. Women and Criminal Justice, 14, 137-160.
39.
HoltfreterK.ReisigM. D.MorashM. (2004). Poverty, state capital, and recidivism among women offenders. Criminology and Public Policy, 3, 185-208.
40.
JannettaJ.NeustererS. R.DaviesE.HorvathA. (2012). Transition from prison to community initiative: Process evaluation final report. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Justice Policy Center.
41.
JavdaniS.SadehN.VeronaE. (2011). Gendered social forces: A review of the impact of institutionalized factors on women and girls’ criminal justice trajectories. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 17, 161-211.
42.
KlockarsC. (1972). A theory of probation supervision. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science, 64, 549-557.
43.
KnollenbergL.MartinV. A. (2008). Community reentry following prison: A process evaluation of the accelerated community entry program. Federal Probation, 72, 54-60.
44.
LatessaE.SmithP.LemkeR.MakariosM.LowenkampC. (2009). The creation and validation of the Ohio Risk Assessment System (ORAS). Federal Probation, 74, 16-22.
45.
LovinsL. B.LowenkampC. T.LatessaE. J.SmithP. (2007). Application of the risk principle to female offenders. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 23, 383-398.
46.
LundR.HydeR.KempsonD.ClarkP. (2002). Women’s needs after release from prison to a rural community. Journal of Correctional Health, 9, 271-288.
47.
MakariosM.SteinerB.TravisL. F. (2010). Examining the predictors of recidivism among men and women released from prison in Ohio. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 1377-1391.
48.
ManchakS. M.SkeenJ. L.DouglasK. S.SiranosianM. (2009). Does gender moderate the predictive utility of the level of service inventory (LSI-R) for serious violent offenders?Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36, 425-442.
49.
MendesC. (2013). Collateral consequences, collateral damages: Women drug offenders, disenfranchisement, and recidivism. Unpublished manuscript, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ.
50.
Michigan Department of Corrections. (2007). Michigan prisoner reentry initiative: Quarterly status report. Lansing, MI: Author.
51.
Michigan Department of Corrections. (2010). 2010Progress report: Making strides in public safety. Lansing, MI: Author.
52.
Michigan Department of Corrections. (2011). Michigan prisoner reentry: A success story. Lansing, MI: Author.
MillerE. (1986). Street woman. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
55.
MitchellC.SolomonL. (2002). From prison to the community. Corrections Today, 64, 135-142.
56.
MullingsJ. L.PollockJ.CrouchB. M. (2002). Drugs and criminality. Women and Criminal Justice, 13, 69-96.
57.
National Institute of Corrections. (2013). National directory of programs for women with criminal involvement. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nicic.gov/WODP/
58.
ParentD. G.BarnettL. (2002). Transition from prison to community initiative. Cambridge, MA: Abt Associates.
59.
ParentD. G.BarnettL. (2004). Improving offender success and public safety through system reform: The transition from prison to community initiative. Federal Probation, 68, 25-30.
60.
PerezD. M. (2009). Applying evidence-based practices to community corrections supervision: An evaluation of residential substance-abuse treatment for high-risk probationers. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 25, 442-458.
61.
PetersiliaJ. (2003). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
62.
PetersiliaJ. (2004). What works in prisoner reentry? Reviewing and questioning the evidence. Federal Probation, 68, 4-8.
63.
Pew Center on the States. (2011). State of recidivism: The revolving door of America’s prisons. Washington, DC: The Pew Charitable Trusts.
64.
PollockJ. (2002). Women, prison, and crime (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks-Cole.
65.
PollockJ.MullingsJ. L.CrouchB. M. (2006). Violent women: Findings from the Texas women inmates study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 485-502.
66.
ReisigM. D.HoltfreterK.MorashM. (2002). Social capital among women offenders: Examining the distributions of social networks and resources. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 36, 167-187.
67.
ReisigM. D.HoltfreterK.MorashM. (2006). Assessing recidivism risk across female pathways to crime. Justice Quarterly, 23, 384-405.
68.
RitchieB. (1996). Compelled to crime: The gendered entrapment of battered black women. New York, NY: Routledge.
69.
RitchieB. (2001). Challenges incarcerated women face as they return to their communities: Findings from life history interviews. Crime and Delinquency, 47, 368-389.
70.
SalisburyE. J.Van VoorhisP. (2009). Gendered pathways: A quantitative investigation of women probationers’ paths to incarceration. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 36, 541-566.
71.
SalisburyE. J.Van VoorhisP.SpiropoulosG. V. (2008). The predictive validity of a gender-responsive needs assessment: An exploratory study. Crime and Delinquency, 55, 550-585.
72.
ScrogginsJ. R.MalleyS. (2010). Reentry and the (unmet) needs of women. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49, 146-163.
73.
SiegelJ. A.WilliamsL. M. (2003). Risk factors for sexual victimization of women: Results from a prospective study. Violence Against Women, 9, 902-930.
74.
SimpsonS. S.YahnerJ. L.DuganL. (2008). Understanding women’s pathways to jail: Analyzing the lives of incarcerated women. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 41, 84-108.
75.
SmithP.CullenF. T.LatessaE. J. (2009). Can 14,737 women be wrong? A meta-analysis of the LSI-R and recidivism for female offenders. Criminology and Public Policy, 8, 183-208.
76.
SteffensmeierD.AllanE. (1996). Gender and crime: Toward a gendered theory of female offending. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 459-487.
77.
TaxmanF. S.CropseyK. L.YoungD. W.WexlerH. (2007). Screening, assessment, and referral practices in adult correctional settings: A national perspective. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34, 1216-1234.
78.
Van VoorhisP.SalisburyE.WrightE.BaumanA. (2008). Achieving accurate pictures of risk and identifying gender responsive needs: Two new assessments for women offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Corrections.
79.
Van VoorhisP.WrightE. M.SalisburyE.BaumanA. (2010). Women’s risk factors and their contributions to existing risk/needs assessment: The current status of a gender-responsive supplement. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 261-288.
80.
VeyseyB. (1997). Specific needs of women diagnosed with mental illnesses in U.S. jails. Delmar, NY: National GAINS Center Policy Research.
81.
VisherC. A.TravisJ. (2003). Transitions from prison to community: Understanding individual pathways. Annual Review of Sociology, 29, 89-113.
82.
VitopoulosN. A.Peterson-BadaliM.SkillingT. A. (2012). The relationship between matching service to criminogenic need and recidivism in male and female youth: Examining the RNR principles in practice. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39, 1025-1041.
83.
WhitfieldC. L.AndaR. F.DubeS. R.FelittiV. J. (2003). Violent childhood experiences and the risk of intimate partner violence in adults: Assessment in a large health maintenance organization. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18, 166-185.
84.
WrightE. M.Van VoorhisP.SalisburyE. JBaumanA. (2012). Gender-responsive lessons learned and policy implications for women in prison: A review. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 32, 1612-1632.
85.
WyattG. E.AxelrodJ.ChinD.VargasJ. (2000). Examining patterns of vulnerability to domestic violence among African-American women. Violence Against Women, 6, 495-514.
