Abstract
The statistical test of the traditional hypothesis of no treatment effect is commonly used in toxicological experiments. Failing to reject the hypothesis often leads to the conclusion of evidence in favor of safety. The major drawback of this indirect approach is the fact that what is controlled by a prespecified level is the probability of erroneously concluding hazard (producer risk). The primary concern of safety assessment, however, is the control of the consumer risk, that is, limiting the probability of erroneously concluding safety. In order to restrict this risk, safety has to be formulated as the alternative and hazard, that is, the opposite, has to be formulated as the hypothesis.
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