Abstract
The results of a survey of 300 public agencies personnel directors are reported. The report describes the drug and alcohol testing policies and procedures now used by these respondents. The implications of the survey results are evaluated in terms of critical issues of personnel management practice and public policy: (1) the protection of employees' constitutional rights, (2) the public's right to an effective public service, and (3) management's need to reduce liability risks and to increase program effectiveness.
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