Expectancy Theory Applied to the Process of Professional Obsolescence

Kaufman H. G. , Obsolescence and Professional Career Development (New York: AMACOM, 1974).

See Dalton G. W. Thompson P. H. , “Accelerating Obsolescence of Older Engineers.” Harvard Business Review, (September—October, 1971), p. 57–67; H. G. Kaufman, “Relations of Ability and Interest to Currency of Professional Knowledge Among Engineers.” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 56 (1972), pp. 495–499; H. G. Kaufman, “A Critical Incident Study of Personal Characteristics Associated with Technical Obsolescence Among Engineers.” Studies in Personnel Psychology, Vol. 5 (1973), pp. 63–67; H. G. Kaufman, “Relationship of Early Work Challenge to Job Performance, Professional Contributions, and Competence of Engineers.” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59 (1974), pp. 377–379; S. D. Saleh, “The Importance of Professional Updating: A Psychological Point of View.” Canadian Personnel and Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 21 (1974), pp. 33–36; and R. L. Shearer and J. A. Steger, “Manpower Obsolescence: A New Definition and Empirical Investigation of Personal Variables.” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 18 (1975), pp. 263–275.

Kaufman H. G. , Obsolescence and Professional Career Development (New York: AMACOM, 1974). p. 23.

See Kaufman , 1972 and 1973, op. cit.; and Shearer and Steger, op. cit.

Corwin L. H. , “Expectancy Theory Applied to Faculty Motivation toward Professional Improvement.” Dissertationissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 38 (1978), p. 6427.

Vroom V. H. , Work and Motivation (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1964).

Lawler E. E. , Motivation in Work Organizations (Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, Inc., 1973).

Kaufman H. G. , Obsolescence and Professional Career Development (New York: AMACOM, 1974).

Ibid.

See Argyris C. , Integrating the Individual and the Organization (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1964); and J. B. Rotter, “Generalized Expectancies for Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement.” Psychological Monographs, Vol. 80 (1966), pp. 1–28.

Dalton Thompson , op. cit.

Saleh , op. cit.; and Shearer and Steger, op. cit.

Rotter , op. cit.

Corwin , op. cit.

Korman A. K. , “Self-Esteem Variable in Vocational Choice.” Journalournal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 50 (1966), pp. 479–486.

Lawler E. E. , “The Multitrait-Multirater Approach to Measuring Managerial Job Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 51 (1967), pp. 369–381; and W. F. Whyte, Money and Motivation (New York: Harper & Row, 1955).

See for example, Atkinson J. W. , “Towards Experimental Analysis of Human Motivation in Terms of Motives, Expectancies and Incentives.” In Atkinson J. W. (Ed.), Motives in Fantasy, Action, and Society (Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1958).

Roethlisberger F. J. Dickson W. J. , Management and the Worker (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1939).

Kaufman H. G. , “Relationship of Early Work Challenge to Job Performance, Professional Contributions, and Competence of Engineers.” Journalournal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59 (1974), pp. 377–379.

Shearer Steger , op. cit.

Kahn R. L. , “Human Relations on the Shop Floor.” In Hugh-Jones E. M. (Ed.), Human Relations and Modern Management (Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1958).

Lawler E. E. Hackman J. R. , “The Impact of Employee Participation in the Development of Pay Incentive Plans: A Field Experiment.” Journalournal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 53 (1969), pp. 467–471.

Ayllon T. Azrin N. H. , “The Measurement and Reinforcement of Behavior of Psychotics.” Journalournal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, Vol. 8 (1965), pp. 357–383.

Atkinson , op. cit.

Maslow A. H. , Motivation and Personality (New York: Harper & Row, 1954).

Kaufman H. G. , Obsolescence and Professional Career Development (New York: AMACOM, 1974).

Dalton Thompson , op. cit.

Maslow , op. cit.

Rosenberg M. , Occupations and Values (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957).

Vroom , op. cit.

Wanous J. P. , “Occupational Preferences: Perceptions of Valence and Instrumentality and Objective Data.” Journalournal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 56 (1972), pp. 152–155.

See, for example, French E. G. , “Effects of Interaction of Achievement, Motivation and Intelligence on Problem-Solving Success.” American Psychologist, Vol. 12 (1957), pp. 399–500; E. E. Lawler, “Ability as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Job Attitudes and Job Performance.” Personnel Psychology, Vol. 19 (1966), pp. 153–164; E. A. Locke, “The Interaction of Ability and Motivation in Performance.” Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 21 (1965), pp. 719–725; N. R. F. Maier, Psychology in Industry, 2nd ed. (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1955); and V. H. Vroom, Work and Motivation (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1964).

Kaufman , 1972, op. cit.