Perceived organizational membership (POM) is a relatively new framework to analyze the attachment of employees to their organizations. To date, there are no studies that have examined POM in public higher education. Furthermore, there are relatively few studies that have explored attitudes of public personnel in the context of pay cuts in the form of furloughs. In this article, we present the findings of a survey of more than 5,000 public university faculty, administrative support staff, and managerial personnel. On most POM facets, managerial personnel perceived greater organizational need fulfillment, mattering, and belonging than either faculty or support staff. Implications for university administrators and faculty are discussed, with recommendations to increase POM for all employees.
BalfourD. L.WechslerB. (1996). Organizational commitment: Antecedents and outcomes in public organizations. Public Productivity & Management Review, 19, 256-277. doi:10.2307/3380574
3.
BennisW.NanusB. (1985). Leadership: The strategies for taking charge. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
4.
BolmanL. G.GallosJ. V. (2011). Reframing academic leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
5.
BozemanB.GaughanM. (2011). Job satisfaction among university faculty: Individual, work, and institutional determinants. The Journal of Higher Education, 82, 154-186.
6.
BrayN. J. (2008). Proscriptive norms for academic deans: Comparing faculty expectations across institutional and disciplinary boundaries. The Journal of Higher Education, 79, 692-721.
7.
BrayN. J. (2010). The deanship and its faculty interpreters: Do Mertonian norms of science translate into norms for administration?The Journal of Higher Education, 81, 284-316.
8.
ByrneM.ChughtaiA. A.FloodB.WillisP. (2012). Job satisfaction among accounting and finance academics: Empirical evidence from Irish higher education institutions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34, 153-167.
The California State University. (2009). Members of state employees trade council ratify tentative agreement for 2009-2010: Members also vote not to accept furlough proposal [CSU press release]. Retrieved from http://www.calstate.edu/pa/news/2009/setc2.shtml
California State University Employees Union. (2008). Contract negotiation news: Agreement reached on IRP allocation for FY 2007/08. Available from http://www.csueu.org
CejnarJ. (2011). HSU, CSU faculty may strike over withheld raises; chancellor’s office calls salary bumps inappropriate [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.times-standard.com/ci_19002388
15.
ChoY. J.SaiN. (2012). Does organizational justice matter in the federal workplace?Review of Public Personnel Administration, 33, 227-251. doi:10.1177/0734371X12458126
16.
Cohen-CharashY.SpectorP. (2001). The role of justice on organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 278-321.
17.
ColquittJ. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386-400. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.386
18.
ColquittJ. A.ConlonD. E.WessonM. J.PorterC. O. L. H.NgK. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 425-445.
19.
ConwayN.BrinerR. B. (2009). Fifty years of psychological contract research: What do we know and what are the main challenges. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 21, 71-131. doi:10.1002/9780470745267.ch3
20.
Cooper-HakimA.ViswesvaranC. (2005). The construct of work commitment: Testing an integrative framework. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 241-259. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.2.241
21.
DeemR.BrehonyK. J. (2005). Management as ideology: The case of “new managerialism” in higher education. Oxford Review of Education, 31, 217-235.
22.
DelgadoF. (2011). Reflecting on academic labor from the other side. International Journal of Communication, 5, 1808-1814.
23.
FairweatherJ. S.BeachA. L. (2002). Variations in faculty work at research universities: Implications for state and institutional policy. The Review of Higher Education, 26, 97-115.
24.
GrahamJ. W. (1991). An essay on organizational citizenship behavior. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 4, 249-270. doi:10.1007/BF01385031
25.
HarveyM.ShawJ. B.McPhailR.EricksonA. (2013). The selection of a dean in an academic environment: Are we getting what we deserve?International Journal of Educational Management, 27, 19-37.
26.
JacobsJ. A.WinslowS. E. (2004). Overworked faculty: Job stresses and family demands. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 596, 104-129. doi:10.1177/0002716204268185
27.
JohnsrudL. K. (2002). Measuring the quality of faculty and administrative worklife: Implications for college and university campuses. Research in Higher Education, 43, 379-395.
28.
JohnsrudL. K.RosserV. J. (2002). Faculty members’ morale and their intention to leave: A multilevel explanation. The Journal of Higher Education, 73, 518-542.
29.
KehoeR. R.WrightP. M. (2013). The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees’ attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Management, 39, 366-391.
30.
KuoH. M. (2009). Understanding relationships between academic staff and administrators: An organizational culture perspective. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 31, 43-54.
31.
LadeboO. J.AwotundeJ. M.AbdulSalaam-SaghirP. (2008). Coworkers’ and supervisor interactional justice: Correlates of extension personnel’s job satisfaction, distress, and aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 9, 206-225.
32.
LeeS.SandersR. M. (2013). Fridays are furlough days: The impact of furlough policy and strategies for human resource management during a severe economic recession. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 33, 299-311.
33.
LittleR. J. (1988). A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83, 1198-1202.
34.
MastersonS. S.StamperC. L. (2003). Perceived organizational membership: An aggregate framework representing the employee-organization relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 473-490.
35.
MathieuJ. E.ZajacD. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 171-194.
36.
McMillanD. W.ChavisD. M. (1986). Sense of community: A definition and theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 14, 6-23.
37.
MeyerL. H.EvansI. M. (2005). Supporting academic staff: Meeting new expectations in higher education without compromising traditional faculty values. Higher Education Policy, 18, 243-255.
38.
MilemJ. F.BergerJ. B.DeyE. L. (2000). Faculty time allocation: A study of change over twenty years. The Journal of Higher Education, 71, 454-475.
39.
O’NeillB. S.AdyaM. (2007). Knowledge sharing and the psychological contract: Managing knowledge workers across different stages of employment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 411-436.
40.
OrfieldB. (Ed.). (2011). The CSU crisis and California’s future. Los Angeles: The Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles, University of California, Los Angeles. Available from www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu
41.
RhoadesG.SlaughterS. (1997). Academic capitalism, managed professionals, and supply-side higher education. Social Text, 51, 9-38.
42.
RobinsonS. L.MorrisonE. W. (2000). The development of psychological contract breach and violation: A longitudinal study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 525-546.
43.
RobinsonS. L.RousseauD. M. (1994). Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
44.
RosenhallL. (2009, July25). Unhappy CSU professors agree to idea of furloughs. The Sacramento Bee, p. A4.
45.
RosserV. J. (2004). Faculty members’ intentions to leave: A national study on their worklife and satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 45, 285-309.
46.
ShamirB.KarkR. (2004). A single-item graphic scale for the measurement of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 115-123.
47.
SmerekR. E.PetersonM. (2007). Examining Herzberg’s theory: Improving job satisfaction among non-academic employees at a university. Research in Higher Education, 48, 229-250.
48.
SzekeresJ. (2006). General staff experiences in the corporate university. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 28, 133-145.
49.
TaggJ. (2012). Why does the faculty resist change?Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 44(1), 6-15.
50.
TeodorescuD. (2012). Examining faculty recruitment, retention, promotion, and retirement. In HowardR. D.McLaughlinG. W.KnightW. E. (Eds.) .The handbook of institutional research (pp. 165-182). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Van KnippenbergD.SleebosE. (2006). Organizational identification versus organizational commitment: Self-definition, social exchange, and job attitudes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 571-584.
53.
VolkweinJ. F.ParmleyK. (2000). Comparing administrative satisfaction in public and private universities. Research in Higher Education, 41, 95-116.
54.
VolkweinJ. F.ZhouY. (2003). Testing a model of administrative job satisfaction. Research in Higher Education, 44, 149-171.
55.
WinterR. P.O’DonohueW. (2012). Academic identity tensions in the public university: Which values really matter?Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34, 565-573.
56.
WohlmutherS. (2008). “Sleeping with the enemy”: How far are you prepared to go to make a difference? A look at the divide between academic and allied staff. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 30, 325-337.
