Restricted accessReview articleFirst published online 2025-4
Magnetic beads masquerading as a bracelet causing ileal volvulus with multiple ileoileal fistulae in a child: A case report with systematic literature review
Multiple magnetic foreign body ingestion can cause serious complications in children. Such events are now more frequently seen. We report such a case and present a systematic review to identify the variety of fistulae thereby caused. Timely diagnosis through radiographic imaging plays a pivotal role in guiding clinical decisions.
SurdAAldeaCMironescuA,et al.Transmesocolic double gastro-enteric fistulas due to ingestion of 28 magnets. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2018; 32: 85–86. PubMed
2.
AliAAlhindiS. A child with a gastrocolic fistula after ingesting mag nets: An unusual complication. Cureus2020; 12: e9336.
3.
LawrenceKMIyerMBaranwalP, et al.Magnet ingestion leading to intestinal fistulae, phytobezoar formation, and small bowel obstruction. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2019; 49: 101289.
4.
MunghateGSReddyABodhanwalaM. Multiple magnetic foreign bodies causing complex intestinal fistula. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2020; 63: 101661.
5.
AfzalMAlmakkiAAAbugrainHH, et al.Laparoscopic assisted extraction of multiple ingested magnets leading to entero-enteric fistulae – case report of three patients. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2022; 84: 102357.
6.
AlkhamisyA. Gastrojejunal fistula caused by magnet beads ingestion in a 2-year-old boy. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2021; 67: 101809.
7.
ZhangYBGaoZGXiongQX, et al.Clinical ex perience in the treatment of children who swallowed multiple magnetic foreign bodies: A report of five cases. World J Pediatr2017; 13: 274–277. PubMed
8.
NguyenBPAhujaNBarthelER. Chronic small bowel fistulas, entero mesenteric fistulas, and entrapped bezoar after ingestion of 2.5-mm mag netic beads. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2023; 89: 102542.
9.
Al-SaiedGAlsamahyOIbrahimM, et al.Enteroenteric fistulae after ingestion of multiple magnets in children. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2021; 76: 102090.
10.
KimYHongJMoonS. Ingestion of multiple magnets: The count does matter. J Pediatric Surg Case Reports2014; 2: 130–132.
11.
ChavanRBachkaniwalaVTadkalkarV, et al.Endoscopic management of magnet ingestion and its adverse events in children. VideoGIE2022; 7: 302–37 . PubMed.
RomineMHamPB3rdYonJR, et al.Multiple magnet ingestion in children. Am Surg2014;80:e189–e191.
14.
ZachosKPanagidisAGeorgiouG, et al.Dou ble jejunoileal fistula after ingestion of magnets. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg2019; 24: 63–64. PubMed
15.
TaherHAzzamAKhowailedO, et al.A case report of an asymptomatic male child with multiple entero-enteric fistulae post multiple magnet ingestion. Int J Surg Case Rep2019;58:5053PubMed.
16.
DiasDDMAmorimWWSRodriguezJER, et al.Bowel obstruction in entero-colic fistula associated with mag net ingestion in children at the amazonas countryside. AME Case Rep2019; 3: 44.
CherchiVAdaniGLRighiE, et al.Ileocecal fistula caused by multiple foreign magnetic bodies ingestion. Case Rep Surg2018; 2018:7291539.
19.
BlevrakisERaissakiMXenakiS, et al.Multiple magnet ingestion causing instestinal obstruction and entero enteric fistula: Which imaging modality besides radiographs? A case re port. Ann Med Surg (Lond)2018;31:29–33. PubMed.
20.
PhenCWilseyASwanE, et al.Non surgical management of gastroduodenal fistula caused by ingested neodymium magnets. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr2018; 21: 336–340.
21.
KosutJSJohnsonSMKingJL, et al.Successful treatment of rare-earth magnet ingestion via minimally invasive techniques: A case series. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A2013; 23: 405–408.
22.
MacedoMVelhoteMCMaschiettoRF,et al.Intestinal fistula after magnets ingestion. Einstein (Sao Paulo)2013; 11: 234–236. PubMed.
23.
KiskuSJohnTMuttN. Perils in the playpen: Duodenojejunal fistula in a child following ingestion of two toy magnets. Trop Gastroenterol2015; 36: 118–120. PubMed
24.
PogorelićZBorićMMarkićJ, et al.A case of 2-year-old child with entero-enteric fistula following ingestion of 25 magnets. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)2016; 59: 140–12 . PubMed.
25.
PalaniveluCRangarajanMRajapandianS, et al.Laparoscopic retrieval of “stubborn” foreign bodies in the foregut: a case report and literature survey. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech2007;17:528–31; discussion 31–2.
26.
SaeedAJohalNSAslamA, et al.Attraction problems following magnet ingestion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl2009; 91: W10–W12.
27.
KabreRChinARowellE, et al.Hazardous complications of multiple ingested magnets: Report of four cases. Eur J Pediatr Surg2009; 19: 187–189. PubMed.
28.
TsaiJShaulDBSydorakRM, et al.Ingestion of magnetic toys: Report of serious complications requiring surgical intervention and a proposed management algorithm. Perm J2013; 17: 11–14. PubMed
29.
AhmedAMHassabMHAl-HussainiAA,et al.Mag netic toy ingestion leading to jejunocecal fistula in a child. Saudi Med J2010; 31: 442–444. PubMed
30.
ClarkeREverettTWattsA,et al.The magnetism of sur gery: small bowel obstruction in an 8-year-old boy. BMJ Case Rep2010; 2010: bcr0120102667.
31.
WootenKEHartinCWJrOzgedizDE.Laparoscopic diagnosis of magnetic malrotation with fistula and volvulus. JSLS2012;16:644–646PubMed.
32.
VijaysadanVPerezMKuoD. Revisiting swallowed troubles: intestinal complications caused by two magnets–a case report, review and proposed revision to the algorithm for the management of foreign body ingestion. J Am Board Fam Med2006; 19: 511–56 . PubMed.
33.
LeeSKBeckNSKimHH. Mischievous magnets: Unexpected health hazard in children. J Pediatr Surg1996; 31: 1694–1695. PubMed
34.
LiuSde BlacamCLimFY, et al.Magnetic foreign body ingestions leading to duodenocolonic fistula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2005; 41: 670–672.
35.
OhnoYYonedaAEnjojiA, et al.Gastroduodenal fis tula caused by ingested magnets. Gastrointest Endosc2005;61:109–10PubMed.
36.
QuezadaHLevineAEDellingerM, et al.Esophagogastric fistula: The consequence of high-powered magnets in gestion. JPGN Rep2023; 4: e385.
37.
KubotaYTokiwaKTanakaS,et al.Intestinal obstruction in an infant due to magnet ingestion. Eur J Pediatr Surg1995; 5: 119–120. PubMed
38.
HonzumiMShigemoriCItoH, et al.An intestinal fistula in a 3-year-old child caused by the ingestion of magnets: Report of a case. Surg Today1995; 25: 552–553. PubMed.
39.
CaiDTShuQZhangSH, et al.Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in children: A single-center study. World J Clin Cases.2020;8: 5988–5998.. PMID: 33344597.
40.
MasEMichaudLVialaJ.Let’s stop lesions induced by magnet ingestion. Arch Pediatr. 2019;26:131–132. French.. PubMed Epub 2019 Mar 2. PMID: 30833030.
41.
KramerRELernerDGLinT, et al.North American society for pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition endoscopy committee. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN endoscopy committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2015; 60: 562–574.. PMID: 25611037.
42.
HussainSZBousvarosAGilgerM, et al.Management of ingested magnets in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2012; 55: 239–242.