Cellulose treated with a nitrogen-containing flame retardant was pyrolyzed under anaerobic conditions simulating the initial formation of gaseous material. The gaseous products were retained principally in the small sample loop, then the material in the sample loop was directed into a gas Chromatograph for separation. A mass spectrometer was used for detection and/or identification. The materials found varied with the treatment, providing information useful in interpreting flame propagation. The natural flame retardancy of wool appears to be simulated by some of the effective flame retardants.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ByrneG., The Pyrolysis of Cellulose and the Action of Flame-Retardants, J. Appl. Chem. 16, 81–88 (1966).
2.
GarnP. D.DensonC. M., Pyrolysis Products from Cellulose Treated with Flame Retardants. Tart I: Halogen-Containing Flame Retardants, Textile Res. J. 47, 485–491 (1977).
3.
Hendrix, J. *** and Combustion of Cellulose, III. Mechanistic Basis for the Synergism Involving Organic Phosphates and Nitrogenous Bases, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 16, 257–274 (1972).
4.
HendrixJ. E., Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose, I. Effects of Triphenyl Phosphate in the Presence of Nitrogenous Bases, Ibid. 14, 1701–1723 (1970).
5.
LyonsJ. W., “The Chemistry and Uses of Flame Retardants,”Wiley-Interscience, N. Y., 1970.
6.
LyonsJ. W., Mechanisms of Fire Retardation with Phosphorus Compound: Some Speculations, J. Fire Flam. 1, 302–311 (1970).
7.
NollerC. R., “Chemistry of Organic Compounds,” Chapter 14, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1965.
8.
PittsJ. J., Metal Ammine Complexes: A New Class of Flame Retardants, J. Cell. Plastics7, 202–207 (1971).
9.
ReevesW. A., Some Chemical and Physical Factors Influencing Flame Retardancy, Textile Res. J. 40, 223–231 (1970).
10.
ShafizadehF., Thermal Degradation of 3-Deoxy-D-Erythro-Hexosolose, Carbohyd. Res. 40, 263–274 (1975).
11.
WeilE. D., “Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, Volume 3, “ Chapter 3, Edited by KurylaW. C.PapaA. V., Marcel Dekker, N. Y.1975, pp. 185–243.
12.
WillardJ. J.WondraR. E., Quantitative Evaluation of Flame-Retardant Cotton Finishes by the Limiting-Oxygen Index (LOI) Technique, Textile Res. J. 40, 203–210 (1970).
13.
WodleyF. A., Pyrolysis Products of Untreated and Flame-Retardant-Treated α-Cellulose and Levoglucosan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 15, 835–851 (1971).
14.
YehK., “The Relative Efficiencies of Model Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants for Cellulose,” Abstract of Papers, Cell. 47, 162nd Meeting, ACS, Washington, D. C., Sept, 1971.