Diffusion and Copolymerization of Polyacrylic Acid in Nylon 66 Fibers

Abstract

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was applied to a plain-weave nylon 66 fabric from solution at an elevated temperature and pressure. Excess solution was squeezed out and the fabric was oven-dried, heat-cured, and hot water-scoured. The weight of PAA, up to 6% fixed to the nylon, varied inversely with the pH of the PAA solution. Cured fabric with 6% fixed PAA, when converted to the sodium and potassium salts, had moisture regain values comparable to those for cotton. The calcium salt increased the melting temperature of the nylon.

Cross sections, of yarns teased from this fabric, stained with a cationic dye revealed that PAA had penetrated the in dividual fibers. This type of polymer diffusion has not been reported previously.

The PAA-nylon product isolated from the cured fabric differed from the reactants in solubility, thermal characteristics, and ir absorption. These facts suggest that the PAA had reacted chemically with the nylon. Less PAA reacted when the amine end groups of nylon were blocked, indicating that, in addition to a block copolymer, a graft copolymer formed.

Keywords

Nylon 66 fabric polyamide fabric acetic anhydride polyacrylic acid Malachite Green cationic dye. Acetylated nylon 66 fabric chemically modified nylon 66 fabric. Triton X-100(TN)surfactant delusterant TiO2. Time temperature pressure pH. Add-on copolymer (polyacrylic acid and nylon 66)block copolymer graft copolymer copolymers diffusion regain solubility thermal behavior. Copolymerization sulfamation reactions (chemical)microscopy.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Cline, E.T. and Tanner, D. , Graft Copolymerizing an Unsaturated Organic Acid or Salt Onto a Nitrogen-Containing Substrate, U. S. 3,090,664 (1963). to E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.; C.A. 59, 4136c (1963).

Faessinger, R.W. and Conte, J.S. , Graft Copolymers of Thioated Polyamides and Ethylenically Unsaturated Monomers, U. S. 3.340,326 (1967 ), to Scott Paper Co.

Hattori, H. and Okira, T. , Grafted Polyamide Fibers, Japanese 18,970 (1964), to Toyo Rayon Co., Ltd.; C.A. 63, 731a (1965).

Haworth, S. and Holker, J.R. , Cerium-initiated Polymerisation of Some Vinyl Compounds in Polyamide Fibers , J. Soc. Dyers Colourists 82, 257-264 (1966).

Horowitz, C., Graft Copolymers, Belgium 623,166 and U. S. applications, to Yardney International Corp.; C.A. 59,15432e (1963).

Horowitz. C. , Graft Polymerizing Hydrophobic Substrates, U. S. 3,297;786 ( 1967), to Yardney International Corp.; C.A. 66, 66687y ( 1967 ).

Korshak, V.V. , Mozgova, K.K. , Shkolina , M.A. , Nagdasova, I.P. , and Berestnev , V.A. , Synthesis of Graft Copolymers, Vysokomolek. Soed. 5, 171-175 (1963) ; C.A. 58, 2978g (1963).

Magat, E.E. , Miller, I.K. , Tanner, D. , and Zimmerman, J. , Grafts of Nylon and Unsaturated Acids, J. Polymer Sci. Part C 4, 615-629 (1963).

Netherland Appln. 6,514,643 (1966) and British Appln. (1964), to Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.; Activated Metal Carbonyls as Catalysts for the Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers, C.A. 65, 13841f (1966).

10.

Nuessle, A.C. and Kine, B.B. , Acrylic Resins in Textile Processing , Ind. Eng. Chem. 45, 1287-1293 (1953 ).

11.

Nuessle, A.C. and Crawford, R.F. , The Reaction of Polyacrylic Acid with Nylon , Textile Res. J. 23, 462-468 (1953).

12.

Nuessle, A.C. , Acrylics in Textile Applications, Chem. Ind., 1580-1594 (1966).

13.

Odor, G. and Geleji, F. , Grafting of Synthetic Fibres, Yarns and Textiles, Hungarian 153,853 (1967); C.A. 68, 79547u (1968).

14.

Peters, R.H. , Nylon Fibre : A Study of the Mechanism of the Dyeing Process with Acid Dyes, J. Soc. Dyers Colourists 61, 95-100 (1945).

15.

Ronzoni, I. , Grazioli, D. , and Donati, G. , Action of Polymers of Acrylic Acid and Methacrylic Acids on Synthetic Fibers, Gazz. chim. ital. 89, 2076-2094 (1959 ) ; C.A. 55, 3983i (1961).

16.

Tanner, D. , Graft Polymerization of Ethylenically Unsaturated Monomers to Solid, Shaped Polyamides Employing Heat as the Sole Graft Initiator, U. S. 3,313,591 (1967) to E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co.; C.A. 67, 12447x (1967).

17.

Traumann, K.F. , Acrylic or Methacrylic Acid Graft-Copolymerized Nylon, U. S. 3,297,471 (1967), to E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co.; C.A. 66, 66628e (1967).

18.

Watson, E.S. , O'Neill, M.J. , Justin , J. , and Brenner, N.A. , Differential Scanning Calorimeter for Quantitative Differential Thermal Analysis, Anal. Chem. 36, 1233-1238 (1964).