Use of Methods of Heterogeneous Chemical Kinetics and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics for the Quantitative Evaluation of the Rate of Fixation of Reactive Dyes by Fibrous Materials 1

Abstract

Dyeing and printing of fibrous materials with reactive dyes are examined as a problem of heterogeneous chemical kinetics. The rate of this fixation process is affected by the rate of supply of dye molecules to the active centers of the fiber, by the sorption capacity of the fiber, and by the rate of the two competing reactions of the adsorbed dye with the fiber and of the dye in the solution with water (hydrolysis).

Each of the above enumerated stages of the fixation process is examined independently from a quantitative point of view, and the specificity of the mechanisms of these stages for reactive dyes is shown.

Methods of heterogeneous chemical kinetics are proposed and applied for the quantitative evaluation of the rate of fixation of reactive dyes by the fibers and materials. These have made it possible to derive and solve, for definite boundary conditions, the kinetic equations that describe the rate of fixation of active dyes by the cellulosic fiber.

It is shown that it is expedient to utilize simplified solutions of the kinetic equations for the fixation process in the kinetic and the diffusion regions.

Keywords

Cuprammonium fibers fibers Blue HB (TN)Brilliant Red (TN)H-Procion Dyes reactive dyes Dyed fibers Dye ing. Sodium chloride solution. Concentration pH temperature time. Sorption diffusion hydrolysis fixation coefficients kinetic coefficients reaction rate constants heterogeneous kinetics.

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