The nature of bonds in staple nonwovens bonded with thermoplastic fibers is examined with optical and scanning elec tron microscopes. The adhesive joints in rayon-vinyon and polyester-polyester systems are of the improper type, i.e., failure occurs at the bond interface.
A quantitative method of characterizing the level of bonding in lightly bonded nonwovens is presented, based on dis tributions of effective fiber length and orientation. The first two moments of the effective length distribution are linearly related to binder concentration and bonding temperature in lightly bonded webs. An empirical relationship between breaking strength and bonding variables is also presented.
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