The sorption isotherms for Direct Red 2, Direct Blue 8, and Direct Yellow 12 were determined at 84° and 95° on cellophane film. The data correlated much better with the Langmuir-type sorption isotherm than with the classical Freundlich equation generally used. Saturation values for each dye are reported at different salt concentrations and temperatures. Enthalpy, standard free energy of sorption, and entropy values were calculated and are interpreted in terms of dye structure and the sorption isotherm used. The Donnan equation was used to calculate gegenion concentrations on the substrate and gave a good representation of the partition of the sodium ion between the film and the solution.
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2.
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3.
Daniels, F., "Outlines of Physical Chemistry," New York, Wiley, 1954, p. 548.
4.
Daniels, F., op. cit., p. 550.
5.
Daniels, F., op. cit.,
6.
Daruwalla, E.H. and D'Silva, A.P., Heats of Dyeing of Direct Cotton Dyes on Cellulose, Textile Res. J.33, 40 (1963).
7.
Frey-Wyssling, A., "Submicroscopic Morphology of Protoplasm and Its Derivatives." New York, Elsevier, 1948, pp. 45-90.
8.
Frilette, V., Hanle, J., and Mark, H., Rate of Exchange of Cellulose with Heavy Water, J. Am. Chem. Soc.70, 1107 (1948).
9.
Helfferich, F., Ion Exchange," McGraw-Hill, New York, 1962, p. 372.
10.
Limb Yum, Master's Thesis, 1962, Department of, Textiles, Clemson University, Clemson, S. C., p. 6.
11.
Manley, R.S.J. and Wadehra, M., The Accessibility of Hydrocellulose and Oligosaccharides by Hydrogen Exchange, MakromoleculareChemie94, 42 ( 1966).
12.
Neals, S.M. and Stringfellow, W.A., The Absorption of Dyestuffs by Cellulose. Part 1. the Kinetics of the Absorption of Sky Blue FF on Viscose Sheet in the Presence of Various Amounts of Sodium Chloride, Trans. Faraday Soc.29, 1167 (1933).
13.
Nickerson, R.F., Accessibility of Cellulose by Formic Acid Esterification, Textile Res. J.21, 195 (1951).
14.
Porter, J.J. and Evans, B.A., A Fundamental Study of the Acid Dyeing Equilibria of Aminized Cotton, Textile Res. J.37, 643 (1967).
15.
Preston, J.M. and Su, Y.F., The Cellulose-Dye Complex. Part IV. The Polarized Fluorescence from Dyed Fibers, J. Soc. Dyers Colourists66, 357 (1950).
16.
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