The term pH-responsive polymer refers to a polymer with basic residues or ionizable acidic residues, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and controllable operation. pH-responsive polymers are applied to different fields by self-assembling into various nanostructures, such as pH-responsive microcapsules, pH-responsive hydrogels, pH-responsive colorimetric nanothin films, and pH-responsive hydrophilic and hydrophobic conversion, which provide new ideas for the study of new nanostructures. This review presents reports on the synthesis of pH response polymers in recent years, including the medical field of controlled release systems, biological sensing, food monitoring, nanoadsorption applications, for nanotechnology, material science, biomedical technology, and colloid research applications, and provides possible methods and reference for performance reference.
Fan F. Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Mono/Double Shell Photochromic Microcapsules. Jiangnan University 2015.
7.
YildizIDenizERaymoFM.Fluorescence modulation with photochromic switches in nanostructured constructs. Cheminform2009;
38(7): 1859–1867.
8.
ChenKZhouSWuL.Self-healing underwater superoleophobic and antibiofouling coatings based on the assembly of hierarchical microgel spheres. ACS Nano2016;
10(1): 1386.
9.
Kong H, Jang Jet al.
Antibacterial properties of novel poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofiber containing silver nanoparticles. Langmuir2008;
24(5): 2051–2056.
10.
LiJZhangXGoochJ, et al.
Photo- and pH-sensitive azo-containing cationic waterborne polyurethane. Polym Bull2015;
72(4): 881–895.
11.
WaruneeTPanichpakdeeJSaengsuwanS.Novel biodegradable hydrogel based on natural polymers: synthesis, characterization, swelling/reswelling and biodegradability. Eur Polym J2019;
112: 678–687.
12.
ShimJKLeeYBLeeYM.pH-dependent permeation through polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes prepared by ultraviolet polymerization technique. J Appl Polym Sci2015;
74(1): 75–82.
13.
PengTChengYL.PNIPAAm and PMAA co-grafted porous PE membranes: living radical co-grafting mechanism and multi-stimuli responsive permeability. Polymers2001;
42(5): 2091–2100.
14.
LeeYMKimSHChoCS.Synthesis and swelling characteristics of pH and thermo-responsive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid).J Appl Polym Sci1996;
62(2): 301–311.
15.
ShinHSKimSYLeeYM.Indomethacin release behaviors from pH and thermoresponsive poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) IPN hydrogels for site-specific drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci1997;
65(4): 685–693.
16.
JiangHLZhuKJ. Polyanion/gelatin complexes as pH-sensitive gels for controlled protein. J Appl Polym Sci2001;
80(9): 1416–1425.
17.
ArvanitoyannisISStratakosAC.Application of modified atmosphere packaging and active/smart technologies to red meat and poultry: a review. Food Bioprocess Tech2012;
5(5): 1423–1446.
18.
KuswandiBMurdyaningsihEA.Simple on package indicator label for monitoring of grape ripening process using colorimetric pH sensor. J Food Meas Charact2017;
11: 2180–2194.
19.
LiLFerngLHWeiY, et al.
Highly stable polyaniline-poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) nanoparticles for sensing of amines. J Nanosci Nanotechnol2014;
14(9): 6593–6598.
20.
KuswandiBNurfawaidiA.On-package dual sensors label based on pH indicators for real-time monitoring of beef freshness. Food Control2017;
82: 91–100.
21.
ZhangJTanJChenX, et al.
High humidity-sensitive discoloration materials fabricated with pH indicator ingredients. Dyes Pigments2021;
195: 109740.
22.
PriyadarshiREzatiPRhimJ.Recent advances in intelligent food packaging applications using natural food colorants. ACS Food Sci Technol2021;
1(2): 124–138.
23.
EchegarayNMunekataPESGullónP, et al.
Recent advances in food products fortification with anthocyanins. Crit Rev Food Sci2020;
1: 1–15.
ShilpaSShwethaHJRajuM, et al. Factors affecting bioaccessibility and bio-efficacy of carotenoids. In Carotenoids: Properties, Processing and Applications. New York: Academic Press, 2020, pp. 41–73.
26.
ThilagamaniS.Food Biochemistry and Food Processing.
London:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, p. 26.
27.
El-ShallFNAl-ShemyMTDawwamGE, et al.
Multifunction smart nanocomposite film for food packaging based on carboxymethyl cellulose/Kombucha SCOBY/pomegranate anthocyanin pigment. Int J Biol Macromol2023;
242(3): 125101.
28.
YlmazDDDemirezenDA.Real-time colorimetric detection of dissolved carbon dioxide using pH-sensitive indicator based on anthocyanin and PVA coated green iron oxide nanoparticles at room temperature. Inorg Nano-Met Chem2022;
52(6): 761–771.
29.
AmaregoudaYKamannaKKamathA.Multifunctional bionanocomposite films based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol with ZnO NPs and Carissa carandas extract anthocyanin for smart packaging materials. ACS Food Sci Technol2023;
3(9): 1411–1422.
30.
LiTTLiuFLinHB, et al.
Fabrication of anti-fouling, anti-bacterial and nonclotting PVDF membranes through one step “outside-in” interface segregation strategy. Colloid Interf Sci2018;
517: 93–103.
31.
WuJDWeiWLiSH, et al.
The effect of membrane surface charges on demulsification and fouling resistance during emulsion separation. Membr Sci2018;
563: 126–133.
32.
ZhangCXYinCCWangYJ, et al.
Simultaneous zwitterionization and selective swelling-induced pore generation of block copolymers for antifouling ultrafiltration membranes. Membr Sci2020;
599: 117833.
33.
MaoHYZhouSYLiMS, et al.
PVDF ultrafiltration membrane with enhanced mechanical and filtration performance by hydrophilic pH-response nanofibers modification. Sep Purif Technol2023;
314(1): 123613.
34.
RoyARayPGBoseA, et al.
pH-responsive copolymeric network gel using methacrylated β-cyclodextrin for controlled codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. ACS Appl Bio Mater2022;
5(7): 3530–3543.
35.
Li S, Zhao Z, Wu Wet al.
Dual pH-responsive micelles with both charge-conversional property and hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition for effective cellular uptake and intracellular drug release. Polym Chem2016;
7: 2202–2208.
36.
FelberAEMarie-HélèneDLerouxJC.pH-sensitive vesicles, polymeric micelles, and nanospheres prepared with polycarboxylates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev2012;
64(11): 979–992.
37.
Alsawaftah N M, Awad N S, Pitt W G, Husseini GA. pH-Responsive Nanocarriers in Cancer Therapy[J]. Polymers, 2022, 14(5).
38.
CallahanDJLiuWLiX, et al.
Triple stimulus-responsive polypeptide nanoparticles that enhance intratumoral spatial distribution. Nano Lett2012;
12(4): 2165–2170.
39.
SimonJRCarrollNJRubinsteinM, et al.
Programming molecular self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins containing sequences of low complexity. Nat Chem2017;
9: 509–515.
40.
MellmanIFuchsRHeleniusA.Acidification of the endocytic and exocytic pathways. Annu Rev Biochem1985;
55(1): 663.
41.
StorrieBDesjardinsM.The biogenesis of lysosomes: is it a kiss and run, continuous fusion and fission process. Bioessays1996;
18(11): 895–903.
42.
LuzioJPRousBABrightNA, et al.
Lysosome–endosome fusion and lysosome biogenesis. Cell Sci2000;
113: 1515–1524.
43.
KornfeldSMellmanI.The biogenesis of lysosomes. Annu Rev Cell Biol1989;
5(1): 483.
44.
DautelDRHellerWTChampionJA.Protein vesicles with pH-responsive disassembly. Biomacromolecule2022;
23(9): 3678–3687.
45.
WuMXueZWangCX, et al.
Smart antibacterial nanocellulose packaging film based on pH-stimulate responsive microcapsules synthesized by Pickering emulsion template. Carbohyd Polym2023;
323: 121409.
46.
ZhuZMHuJFZhongZC.Preparation and characterization of long-term antibacterial and pH-responsive polylactic acid/octenyl succinic anhydride-chitosan @ tea tree oil microcapsules. Int J Biol Macromol2022;
1(220): 1318–1328.
47.
SrisawangNChaiyasatANgernchuklinP, et al.
Novel reusable pH ‐responsive photocatalyst polymeric microcapsules for dye treatment. Int J Energy Res45(5): 7535–7548.
48.
XuRYDengWLJDaiYL, et al.
pH-responsive citral microcapsules with tannic acid-FeIII coordination complexes. Food Chem2022;
397: 133715.
49.
LiLCenJHuangL, et al.
Fabrication of a dual pH‐responsive and photothermal microcapsule pesticide delivery system for controlled release of pesticides. Pest Manag Sci2023;
79(3): 969–979.
50.
GuoYFengHLiW.Enzyme and pH dual-responsive CAP@CS@PLGA microcapsules for controlled release antibacterial application. Biochem Eng J2023;
196: 108956.
51.
AnnegarnMDirksenMHellwegT.Importance of pH in synthesis of pH-responsive cationic nano- and microgels. Polymers2021;
13(5): 827.
52.
JiangFZhangWGuoS, et al.
Preparation and properties of pH-responsive intelligent medical dressing based on bacterial cellulose/polyacrylic acid. J Mater Sci Applicat2022;
3: 13.
53.
TapdigovSZMammadovaSMHumbatovaSF.Synthesis, structure and swelling properties of hydrogels based on polyacrylic acid. Asian J Chem2017;
29(3): 576–580.
54.
JieYZhuoyanZJinzhiZ, et al.
pH-responsive polyethyleneimine hydrogel based on dynamic covalent bonds. J Polym Res2023;
30(2): 96.
55.
ZhangJQHurrenCLuZT, et al.
pH-sensitive alginate hydrogel for synergistic anti-infection. Int J Biol Macromol2022;
222(Part B): 1723–1733.
56.
Gong XL, Zhang C. pH-Responsive Polyacrylamide Shape Memory Hydrogel. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering 2015; 31(8): 32–37.
57.
Alizadeh-SaniJWSM.pH-sensitive (halochromic) smart packaging films based on natural food colorants for the monitoring of food quality and safety. Trends Food Sci Tech2020;
105(1): 93–144.
Bagheri, VahidGhanbarzadeh, BabakAyasehet al.
The optimization of physico-mechanical properties of bionanocomposite films based on gluten/carboxymethyl cellulose/cellulose nanofiber using response surface methodology. Polym Test2019;
78(1): 105989.
GhaaniMCozzolinoCACastelliG, et al.
An overview of the intelligent packaging technologies in the food sector. Trends Food Sci Technol2016;
51: 1–11.
62.
Ezati P, Bang Y J, Rhim J W. Preparation of a shikonin-based pH-sensitive color indicator for monitoring the freshness of fish and pork[J]. Food Chemistry 2021; 337: 127995.
63.
TavakoliSMubangoELiT, et al.
Novel intelligent films containing anthocyanin and phycocyanin for nondestructively tracing fish spoilage. Food Chem2023;
402: 134203.
64.
Ge Y, Li Y, Bai Yet al.
Intelligent gelatin/oxidized chitin nanocrystals nanocomposite films containing black rice bran anthocyanins for fish freshness monitorings. Int J Biol Macromol2020;
155: 1296–1306.
65.
HalászKCsókaL.Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace extract immobilized in chitosan for colorimetric pH indicator film application. Food Packaging Shelf2018;
16: 185–193.
66.
ChenHZhangMBhandariB, et al.
Applicability of a colorimetric indicator label for monitoring freshness of fresh-cut green bell pepper. Postharvest Biol Tech2018;
140: 85–92.
67.
AhmedAOSwarupRGyeHS, et al.
pH-sensitive smart indicators based on cellulose and different natural pigments for tracing kimchi ripening stages. Int J Biol Macromol2023;
242: 124905.
68.
RoySRhimJW.Preparation of gelatin/carrageenan-based color-indicator film integrated with shikonin and propolis for smart food packaging applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater2021;
4(1): 770–779.
69.
WerberJROsujiCOElimelechM.Materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes. Nat Rev Mater2016;
1(5): 16018.
70.
SuwalSDoyenABazinetL.Characterization of protein, peptide and amino acid fouling on ion-exchange and filtration membranes: review of current and recently developed methods. J Membrane Sci2015;
496: 267–283.
71.
ParkHBKamcevJRobesonLM, et al.
Maximizing the right stuff: the trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity. Science2017;
356(6343): 1138–1148.
72.
MehtaAZydneyAL.Permeability and selectivity analysis for ultrafiltration membranes. J Membrane Sci2005;
249: 245–249.
73.
PhillipWAO’NeillBRodwoginM, et al.
Self-assembled block copolymer thin films as water filtration membranes. ACS Appl Mater Inter2010;
2(3): 847–853.
74.
ZhouJChenMDiaoG.Magnetic-responsive supramolecular vesicles from self-organization of amphiphilic pillar[5]arene and application in controlled release. ACS Appl Mater Inter2014;
6(21): 18538–18542.
75.
HungWSHoSYChiaoYH, et al.
Electrical tunable PVDF/graphene membrane for controlled molecule separation. Chem Mater2020;
32(13): 5750–5758.
76.
WidakdoJChiaoYHLaiYL, et al.
Mechanism of a self-assembling smart and electrically responsive PVDF-graphene membrane for controlled gas separation. ACS Appl Mater Inter2020;
12: 27.
77.
A H L, A J Z, A L Het al.
Thermo- and pH-responsive graphene oxide membranes with tunable nanochannels for water gating and permeability of small molecules. J Membrane Sci2019;
587: 117163.
78.
ZhangLGhaffarAZhuX, et al.
Stable graphene-based membrane with pH-responsive gates for advanced molecular separation. Environ Sci Technol2019;
53(17): 10398–10407.
79.
YangHFangSSongH M, et al.
pH-responsive poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(acrylic acid) porous membranes prepared via an vapor induced phase separation technique for removing copper ions from water. Mater Lett2020;
260: 126957.
80.
YeQWangRChenC, et al.
High-flux pH-responsive ultrafiltration membrane for efficient nanoparticle fractionation. ACS Appl Mater Inter2021;
13(47): 56575–56583.
81.
PochivalovAVakhCGarmonovS, et al.
An automated in-syringe switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based microextraction. Talanta2019;
209: 120587.
82.
WangXLiSTuY, et al.
Composite aramid membranes with high strength and pH-response. Polymers2021;
13(4): 621.
83.
ZhangYHFuRYLuQX, et al.
Switchable hydrophilicity solvent for extraction of pollutants in food and environmental samples: a review. Microchem J2023;
189: 108566.
84.
AlfieriMLPanzellaLCrescenziO, et al.
A cyanine-type homolog of the red hair bibenzothiazine chromophore combining reversible proton-sensing with a hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic switching response. Dyes Pigments2022;
197: 109872.
85.
Yang H, Wang Q, Li Zet al.
Hydrophobicity-adaptive nanogels for programmed anticancer drug delivery. Nano Lett2015;
12(5): 1636–1647.
86.
MuYXGongLDPengTJ, et al.
Advances in pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Open Nano2021;
5: 100031.
87.
ShinYHusniPKangK, et al.
Recent advances in pH- or/and photo-responsive nanovehicles. Pharmaceutics2021;
13(5): 725.
88.
EijiYTomohiroOMisatoO, et al.
Bleomycin-loaded pH-sensitive polymer–lipid-incorporated liposomes for cancer chemotherapy. Polymers2018;
10(1): 74.
89.
NguyenBDNDLawrenceMMBergH, et al.
Transcutaneous flexible sensor for in vivo photonic detection of pH and lactate. ACS Sensors2022;
7(2): 441–452.
90.
LiWFuJDingY, et al.
Low density lipoprotein-inspired nanostructured lipid nanoparticles containing pro-doxorubicin to enhance tumor-targeted therapeutic efficiency. Acta Biomater2019;
96: 456–467.
91.
Tao W, Wang J, Parak Jet al.
Nanobuffering of pH-responsive polymers: a known but sometimes overlooked phenomenon and its biological applications. ACS Nano2019;
13(5): 4876–4882.
92.
CookABDecuzziP.Harnessing endogenous stimuli for responsive materials in theranostics. ACS Nano2021;
15(2): 2068–2098.
93.
RaabeMHeckAPieszkaM, et al.
Assembly of pH-responsive antibody-inspired protein-drug conjugates. Mater Sci2021;
22(2): e2100299.
94.
DuCShiJShiJ, et al.
PUA/PSS multilayer coated CaCO3 microparticles as smart drug delivery vehicles. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl2013;
33(7): 3745–3752.
95.
GuoYLiHShiW, et al.
Targeted delivery and pH-responsive release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using calcium carbonate/hyaluronate/glutamate mesoporous hollow spheres. J Colloid Interf Sci2017;
502: 59.
96.
TalibHMahvashAMuhammadRN, et al.
Chemically cross-linked poly(acrylic-co-vinylsulfonic) acid hydrogel for the delivery of isosorbide mononitrate. Sci World J2013;
2013: 340737.
97.
Mondal, PiyalSNiladriSM, et al.
Selective glucose permeability in presence of various salts through tunable pore size of pH responsive PVDF-co-HFP membrane. Sep Purif Technol2019;
221: 249–260.
LiCChenZZhangY, et al.
Guanine-lighting-up fluorescence biosensing of silver nanoclusters populated in functional DNA constructs by a pH-triggered switch. Anal Chem2020;
92(19): 13369–13377.
102.
HuangWSMacdiarmidAG.Optical properties of polyaniline. Polymers1993;
34(9): 1833–1845.
103.
LeeTKimCKimJ, et al.
Colorimetric nanoparticle-embedded hydrogels for a biosensing platform. Nanomaterials2022;
12(7): 1150.
104.
NedalATYunusaUElarefR, et al.
A flexible optical pH sensor based on polysulfone membranes coated with pH-responsive polyaniline nanofibers. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)2016;
16(7): 986.
105.
TokarevITokarevaIMinkoS.optical nanosensor platform operating in near-physiological pH range via polymer-brush-mediated plasmon coupling. ACS Appl Mater Inter2011;
3(2): 143.
106.
KimYHYangYJKimJS, et al.
Non-destructive monitoring of apple ripeness using an aldehyde sensitive colorimetric sensor. Food Chem2018,
267: 149–156.
107.
KuswandiBMaryskaC, Jayus.
Real time on-package freshness indicator for guavas packaging. J Food Meas Charact2013;
7(1): 29–39.
108.
SaniMATavassoliMHamishehkarH, et al.
Carbohydrate-based films containing pH-sensitive red barberry anthocyanins: application as biodegradable smart food packaging materials. Carbohyd Polym2021,
255: 117488.
109.
SaniMATavassoliMSalimSA, et al.
Development of green halochromic smart and active packaging materials: TiO2 nanoparticle- and anthocyanin-loaded gelatin/κ-carrageenan films. Food Hydrocolloid2022;
124(Part B): 107324.
110.
AhmadANLimSANavaranjanN.Development of sago (Metroxylon sagu)-based colorimetric indicator incorporated with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) anthocyanin for intelligent food packaging. J Food Safety2020;
40(4): e12807.
111.
ChiWRCaoLLSunGH, et al.
Developing a highly pH-sensitive-carrageenan-based intelligent film incorporating grape skin powder via a cleaner process. J Clean Prod2020;
244: 118862.
112.
HuZXHuoRBCuiZY.Preparation of an indicator film based on pectin, sodium alginate, and xanthan gum containing blueberry anthocyanin extract and its application in blueberry freshness monitoring. Heliyon2023;
9(3): e14421.
113.
ShiCZhouAHeX, et al.
A positively charged composite nanofiltration membrane modified by EDTA for LiCl/MgCl2 separation. Sep Purif Technol2017;
186: 233–242.
114.
Oatley-RadcliffeDLWaltersMAinscoughTJ, et al.
Nanofiltration membranes and processes: a review of research trends over the past decade. J Water Process Eng2017;
19: 164–171.
115.
ShaoDDYangWJXiaoHF, et al.
Self-cleaning nanofiltration membranes by coordinated regulation of carbon quantum dots and polydopamine. ACS Appl Mater Interf2019;
12(1): 580–590.
116.
SetiawanOHuangY-HAbdiZG, et al.
pH-tunable and pH-responsive polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration membranes for Li+/Mg2+ separation. J Membrane Sci2023;
668: 121269.
117.
ChenQWangLRenG, et al.
A fatty acid solvent of switchable miscibility. J Colloid Interface2017;
504: 645–651.
118.
RonghuaMLuXWuC, et al.
Performance design of a highly anti-fouling porous membrane with dual pH-responsiveness. J Membrane Sci2022;
660: 120886.
119.
BhattacharyyaPSarmaLTanejaA, et al.
MOF-heterostructure mediated pH responsive adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin: a step towards pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. Wiley Online Library2023;
9(4): e202200518.
120.
QiJJHouYHLiuJY, et al.
Alkali lignin as a pH response bifunctional material with both adsorption and flocculation for wastewater treatment. Holzforschung2022;
76(11–12): 1032–1043.
121.
ZhangYYGongX.Smart and durable pH-responsive superhydrophobic fabrics with switchable surface wettability for high-efficiency and complex oil/water separation. Dir Open Access J2023;
14: 100157.
122.
ZhangHRMaWXHanXY, et al.
Intelligent pH-responsive PMIA membrane with reversible wettability for controllable oil/water and emulsion separation. Appl Surf Sci2023;
615: 156392.
123.
AliAFarid-Ul-HaqMHussainMA, et al.
Synthesis, characterization, and acute toxicity of pH-responsive Salvia spinosa mucilage-co-acrylic acid hydrogel: a smart excipient for drug release applications. React Funct Polym2023;
182: 105466.
124.
JiangMGaoXZhaoN, et al.
Amphiphilic copolymers with light-pH-temperature triple stimuli-responses: preparation, self-assembly and controlled drug release. Mater Lett2021;
284: 129008.
125.
XuDJinTSongL, et al.
Synthesis of stable calcium carbonate nanoparticles for pH-responsive controlled drug release. Mater Lett2023;
333: 133635.
126.
KimYHuYJeongJP, et al.
Injectable, self-healable and adhesive hydrogels using oxidized Succinoglycan/chitosan for pH-responsive drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym2022;
284: 119195.
127.
HussainSParkSY.pH-responsive circular bilayer biosensor based on the actuation of an interpenetrating polymer network comprising crosslinked nematic liquid crystals and poly(Acrylic Acid). Sensor Actuat B-Chem2023;
377(15): 133096.
128.
XingXClaraPRChenC, et al.
Lactate biosensing for reliable on-body sweat analysis. ACS Sens2021;
6(7): 2763–2771.
129.
DudnykIJaneekERVaucher-JosetJ, et al.
Edible sensors for meat and seafood freshness. Sensor Actuat B-Chem2018;
259: 1108–1112.
130.
Ahmad AN, Lim SA, Navaranjan N. Development of sago (Metroxylon sagu)-based colorimetric indicator incorporated with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) anthocyanin for intelligent food packaging[J]. Journal of Food Safety 2020(1).
131.
A ICB JY LCM L, et al.
Intelligent pH indicator film composed of agar/potato starch and anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato. Food Chem2017;
218: 122–128.
132.
SunGChiWXuS, et al.
Developing a simultaneously antioxidant and pH-responsive κ-carrageenan/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose film blended with Prunus maackii extract. Int J Biol Macromol2020;
155: 1393–1400.
133.
YanJCuiRQinY, et al.
A pH indicator film based on chitosan and butterfly pudding extract for monitoring fish freshness. Int J Biol Macromol2021;
177(1): 328–336.
134.
DongHLingZZhangX, et al.
Smart colorimetric sensing films with high mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties for visual monitoring of shrimp and pork freshness. Sensor Actuat B-Chem2020;
309: 127752.
135.
YuanLGaoMXiangH, et al.
A biomass-based colorimetric sulfur dioxide gas sensor for smart packaging. ACS Nano2023;
17(7): 6849–6856.
136.
ZongZChenHWuW, et al.
Preparation and characterization of a novel intelligent starch/gelatin binary film containing purple sweet potato anthocyanins for Flammulina velutipes mushroom freshness monitoring. Food Chem2023;
405(30): 134839.
137.
SaniM ATavassoliMHamishehkarH, et al.
Carbohydrate-based films containing pH-sensitive red barberry anthocyanins: Application as biodegradable smart food packaging materials. Carbohyd Polym2021;
255: 117488.
138.
MaftoonazadNRamaswamyH.Design and testing of an electrospun nanofiber mat as a pH biosensor and monitor the pH associated quality in fresh date fruit (Rutab). Polym Test2019;
75: 76–84.
