Aramid fabric is widely used in various fields, owing to its excellent mechanical properties and flame resistance. Therefore, the development of multifunctional integrated aramid fabrics for extreme working conditions, such as firefighting, rescue operations, and extreme sports, will greatly expand their market application prospects. In this study, we synthesized a cationic waterborne polyurethane, and then mixed it with polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and TiO2 nanoparticles to obtain a suspension, as an antibacterial and ultraviolet (UV) shielding agent, and water-based fluorinated block polyacrylate lotion, as a water repellent. Finally, we used the two-dip–tow-nip process to prepare a durable composite aramid fabric with superhydrophobicity, antibacterial properties, and UV shielding (a superhydrophobic antibacterial UV-shielding fabric, SAUF). The morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the SAUF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the water contact angle of SAUF was 152.7 ± 0.1°, with an antibacterial rate of over 99% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, an UV shielding rate of 99.9%, and an oil–water separation efficiency of over 98% for toluene, n-hexane, and trichloromethane. This study provides a simple and feasible preparation method of multifunctional aramid fabric and broadens its application prospects.
YinLZhangBTianM, et al.
Surface construction of ANF/CNT onto aramid fibers to enhance interfacial adhesion and provide real-time monitoring of deformation. Compos Sci Technol2022;
223: 109336.
2.
NurazziNMAsyrafMRMKhalinaA, et al.
A review on natural fiber reinforced polymer composite for bullet proof and ballistic applications. Polymers2021;
13: 646.
3.
LiuXChenJShaoQ, et al.
Robust, flame-retardant and colorful superamphiphobic aramid fabrics for extreme conditions. Sci China Technol Sci2021;
64: 1765–1774.
4.
CosimbescuLMalhotraDPallakaMR, et al.
Kevlar-like aramid polymers from mixed PET waste. ACS Omega2022;
7: 32026–32037.
5.
LvLHanXZongL, et al.
Biomimetic hybridization of Kevlar into silk fibroin: Nanofibrous strategy for improved mechanic properties of flexible composites and filtration membranes. ACS Nano2017;
11: 8178–8184.
6.
FanYLiZ, andWeiJ.Application of aramid nanofibers in nanocomposites: A brief review. Polymers2021;
13: 3071.
7.
KulkarniSGGaoXHornerSE, et al.
Ballistic helmets—Their design materials and performance against traumatic brain injury. Compos Struct2013;
101: 313–331.
8.
DingFZhangSRenX, et al.
Development of PET fabrics containing n-halamine compounds with durable antibacterial property. Fibers Polym2022;
23: 413–422.
9.
LinJChenXChenC, et al.
Durably antibacterial and bacterially antiadhesive cotton fabrics coated by cationic fluorinated polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2018;
10: 6124–6136.
10.
LouJZhaoYMengY, et al.
Long-lasting superhydrophobic antibacterial PET fabrics via graphene oxide promoted in-situ growth of copper nanoparticles. Synth Met2023;
293: 117293.
11.
AlgburiAComitoNKashtanovD, et al.
Control of biofilm formation: Antibiotics and beyond. Appl Environ Microbiol2017;
83: 2508–2516.
12.
LinYZhangHZouY, et al.
Superhydrophobic photothermal coatings based on candle soot for prevention of biofilm formation. J Mater Sci Technol2023;
132: 18–26.
13.
Nguyen-TriPAltiparmakFNguyenN, et al.
Robust superhydrophobic cotton fibers prepared by simple dip-coating approach using chemical and plasma-etching pretreatments. ACS Omega2019;
4: 7829–7837.
14.
FerrariMBenedettiA.Superhydrophobic surfaces for applications in seawater. Adv Colloid Interface Sci2015;
222: 291–304.
15.
BartletKMovafaghiSDasiLP, et al.
Antibacterial activity on superhydrophobic titania nanotube arrays. Colloids Surf B2018;
166: 179–186.
16.
HwangGBPageKPatirA, et al.
The anti-biofouling properties of superhydrophobic surfaces are short-lived. ACS Nano2018;
12: 6050–6058.
17.
LiuXYuW.Superamphiphobic fabrics: Design principles, preparation methods, and multifunctional applications. Text Res J2024;
94: 1830–1850.
18.
LiuXShaoQCaoJ, et al.
Superamphiphobic and flame-resistant cotton fabrics for protective clothing. Cellulose2022;
29: 619–632.
19.
LiuXCaoJChenJ, et al.
Mechanically robust superhydrophobic and oleophobic nanofiber membranes with breathability, solvent-resistance, and high-temperature-resistance. Mater Des2024;
244: 113153.
20.
MakvandiPWangCZareEN, et al.
Metal-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications: Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity aspects. Adv Funct Mater2020;
30: 1910021.
21.
OuyangBWeiDWuB, et al.
In the view of electrons transfer and energy conversion: The antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of metal-based nanomaterials and their applications. Small2024;
20: 2303153.
22.
ZhangQZhouHJiangP, et al.
Metal-based nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents: A novel driveway to accelerate the aggravation of antibiotic resistance. J Hazard Mater2023;
455: 131658.
23.
ZhangYLiYLiJ, et al.
Synthesis and antibacterial characterization of waterborne polyurethanes with gemini quaternary ammonium salt. Sci Bull2015;
60: 1114–1121.
24.
ZhaoZMaXChenR, et al.
Universal antibacterial surfaces fabricated from quaternary ammonium salt-based PNIPAM microgels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2020;
12: 19268–19276.
25.
LinYRibaucourtAMoazamiY, et al.
Concise synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of the guanidinium alkaloid batzelladine D: Development of a stereodivergent strategy. J Am Chem Soc2020;
142: 9850–9857.
26.
LiMHuangGChenX, et al.
Development of an antimicrobial and antifouling PES membrane with ZnO/poly(hexamethylene biguanide) nanocomposites incorporation. Chem Eng J2024;
481: 148744.
27.
MaJNiuTWangY, et al.
Fabrication of multifunctional cotton fabrics with antibacterial, hydrophobic, and dyeing performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces2023;
15: 51727–51736.
28.
LiQBaoXSunJ, et al.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic composite coating of hydroxyapatite/stearic acid on magnesium alloy and its corrosion resistance, antibacterial adhesion. J Mater Sci2021;
56: 5233–5249.
29.
SuryaprabhaTSethuramanMG.Fabrication of copper-based superhydrophobic self-cleaning antibacterial coating over cotton fabric. Cellulose2017;
24: 395–407.
30.
OuJWangZWangF, et al.
Washable and antibacterial superhydrophbic [sic] fabric. Appl Surf Sci2016;
364: 81–85.
31.
TianNSuQWangY, et al.
Research progress of functional composite coatings. J Funct Mater2023;
54: 1040–1049.
32.
LiZLiuHXuX, et al.
Surface modification of silicone elastomer with rosin acid-based quaternary ammonium salt for antimicrobial and biocompatible properties. Mater Des2020;
189: 108493.
33.
FuYJiangJZhangQ, et al.
Robust liquid-repellent coatings based on polymer nanoparticles with excellent self-cleaning and antibacterial performances. J Mater Chem A2017;
5: 275–284.
34.
CuzinCHouéePLucasP, et al.
Selection of a gentamicin-resistant variant following polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) exposure in Escherichia coli biofilms. Antibiotics2021;
10: 553.
35.
BuenoCZMoraesÂM.Influence of the incorporation of the antimicrobial agent polyhexamethylene biguanide on the properties of dense and porous chitosan-alginate membranes. Mater Sci Eng, C2018;
93: 671–678.
36.
Sowlati-HashjinSCarboneP, andKarttunenM.Insights into the polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) mechanism of action on bacterial membrane and DNA: A molecular dynamics study. J Phys Chem B2020;
124: 4487–4497.
37.
LeongJYangCTanJ, et al.
Combination of guanidinium and quaternary ammonium polymers with distinctive antimicrobial mechanisms achieving a synergistic antimicrobial effect. Biomater Sci2020;
8: 6920–6929.
38.
ZhangZPengPWuQ, et al.
Preparation and antibacterial properties of poly(hexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride) modified ionic waterborne polyurethane. Prog Org Coat2021;
156: 106246.
39.
LinLTuYLiZ, et al.
Synthesis and application of multifunctional lignin-modified cationic waterborne polyurethane in textiles. Int J Biol Macromol2024;
262: 130063.
40.
ZhouYZhangQMaJ, et al.
Preparation of cationic waterborne polyurethane and its application in leather dyeing. Polymer2024;
304: 127099.
41.
MekaratSSuwanAChaisitT, et al.
Synthesis of palm oil-based bio-polyol by thiol-ene reaction: Preliminary study of its potential as cationic waterborne polyurethane for coating application. Prog Org Coat2024;
194: 108586.
42.
ChenJZengZLiuC, et al.
Aqueous cationic fluorinated polyurethane for application in novel UV-curable cathodic electrodeposition coatings. Polymers2023;
15: 3725.
43.
RahmahMISabryRS, andAzizWJ.Preparation and antibacterial activity of superhydrophobic modified ZnO/PVC manocomposite. J Bionic Eng2022;
19: 139–154.
44.
QiXXiangYCaiE, et al.
Inorganic–organic hybrid nanomaterials for photothermal antibacterial therapy. Coord Chem Rev2023;
496: 215426.
