The presented work deals with the thermal ageing evaluation for polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated fabrics. The architectural fabric AF9032 was exposed to artificial thermal ageing by subjecting the material samples to temperature levels of 80℃ and 90℃ for up to 12 weeks. The mechanical properties of the aged fabric have been separately described by the identified linear piecewise model (with assumption of the elastic behavior) and by the Bodner–Partom model (with assumption of the viscoplastic behavior). The evolution of the obtained parameter values for various ageing temperatures and over ageing periods have been approximated by linear functions achieving a good convergence. The simplified methodology of Arrhenius has been incorporated for the extrapolation of functions obtained for 90℃ and consequently used for ageing analysis. For the fill direction, the lines describing evolution of the mechanical parameters over ageing time coincide fully with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break and are parallel for the Bodner–Partom model parameters () when comparing results for 80° and 90℃. For the warp direction, the obtained lines concerning mechanical properties and Bodner–Partom parameters exhibit different tendencies (increasing or decreasing) for both temperatures. Thus, the ageing evaluation according to the Arrhenius law has been confirmed by the obtained results only for the fill direction.
Ambroziak A, Kłosowska D and Kłosowski P. Building permit design. Statistical calculations. Opera Leśna - Sopot. Vol. III A. Construction of hanging roof, Gdańsk, 2005 (in Polish).
2.
Zerdzicki K. Durability evaluation of textile hanging roofs materials. PhD Thesis, Gdansk University of Technology, Orleans University, 2015.
3.
ZhangH. Building materials in civil engineering, Woodhead Publishing Limited and Science Press, 2011. .
4.
HaillantO. Accelerated weathering testing principles to estimate the service life of organic PV modules. Sol Energ Mat Sol C2011; 95: 1284–1292.
5.
FreitasVPDelgadoJMPQ. Durability of building materials and components, Berlin: Springer, 2013. .
6.
MartinR. Ageing of composites, CRC Press LLC, 2008. .
7.
HutchinsonJM. Physical aging of polymers. Prog Polym Sci1995; 20: 703–760.
8.
WhiteJR. Polymer ageing: physics, chemistry or engineering? Time to reflect. C R Chim2006; 9: 1396–1408.
9.
LindeRBelderEGPereraDY. Effect of physical aging and thermal stress on the behavior of polyester/TGIC powder coatings. Prog Org Coat2000; 40: 215–224.
10.
CrollSGShiXFernandoBMD. The interplay of physical aging and degradation during weathering for two crosslinked coatings. Prog Org Coat2008; 61: 136–144.
11.
MoraEP. Life cycle, sustainability and the transcendent quality of building materials. Build Environ2007; 42: 1329–1334.
12.
FreitasVPCorvachoHQuintelaM, et al.Assessing the durability of mortars tiles – a contribution for a prediction model. Eng Fail Anal2014; 44: 36–45.
13.
GacPYSauxVParisM, et al.Ageing mechanism and mechanical degradation behaviour of polychloroprene rubber in a marine environment: comparison of accelerated ageing and long term exposure. Polym Degrad Stabil2012; 97: 288–296.
14.
BrebuMVasileCAntonieSR, et al.Study of the natural ageing of PVC insulation for electrical cables. Polym Degrad Stabil2000; 67: 209–221.
15.
WeiYTNasdalaLRothertH, et al.Experimental investigations on the dynamic mechanical properties of aged rubbers. Polym Test2004; 23: 447–453.
16.
ItoMNagaiK. Analysis of degradation mechanism of plasticized PVC under artificial aging conditions. Polym Degrad Stabil2007; 92: 260–270.
17.
JelleBP. Accelerated climate ageing of building materials, components and structures in the laboratory. J Mater Sci2012; 47: 6475–6496.
18.
DeflorianFRossiSFedrizziL, et al.Comparison of organic coating accelerated tests and natural weathering considering meteorological data. Prog Org Coat2007; 59: 244–250.
19.
JakubowiczIYarahmadiNGevertT. Effects of accelerated and natural ageing on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Polym Degrad Stabil1999; 66: 415–421.
20.
HukinsDWLMahomedAKukurekaSN. Accelerated aging for testing polymeric biomaterials and medical devices. Med Eng Phys2008; 30: 1270–1274.
21.
MartienssenWWarlimontH. Handbook of condensed matter and materials data, Berlin: Springer, 2005.
22.
MouzakisDEZogaHGaliotisC. Accelerated environmental ageing study of polyester/glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRPCs). Compos B Eng2008; 39: 467–475.
23.
WilkesCESummersJWDanielsCA, et al.PVC handbook, Munich: Hanser, 2005. .
24.
RosatoDVRosatoMV. Plastic product material and process selection handbook, Kidlington: Elsevier, 2004.
25.
YarahmadiNJakubowiczIMartinssonL. PVC floorings as post-consumer products for mechanical recycling and energy recovery. Polym Degrad Stabil2003; 79: 439–448.
26.
AudourinLDalleBMetzgerG, et al.Thermal aging of plasticized PVC. I. Weight loss kinetics in the PVC-didecylphthalate system. J Appl Polym Sci1992; 45: 2091–2096.
27.
AudourinLDalleBMetzgerG, et al.Thermal aging of plasticized PVC. II. Effect of plasticizer loss on electrical and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci1992; 45: 2097–2103.
28.
RealLPGardetteJL. Ageing and characterisation of PVC-based compounds utilised for exterior applications in the building construction field 1: thermal ageing. Polym Test2001; 20: 779–787.
29.
LaiarinandrasanaLGaudichetEObertiS, et al.Effects of aging on the creep behaviour and residual lifetime assessment of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Int J Pressure Vessels Pip2011; 88: 99–108.
30.
RabinovitchEBSummersJWNorthcottWE. Changes in properties of rigid PVC during weathering. J Vinyl Technol1993; 15: 214–218.
31.
AlbuquerqueACKuruvillaJCarvalhoLH, et al.Effect of wettability and ageing conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of uniaxially oriented jute-roving-reinforced polyester composites. Compos Sci Technol2000; 60: 833–844.
32.
WangYMengJZhaoQ, et al.Accelerated ageing tests for evaluations of a durability performance of glass-fiber reinforcement polyester composites. J Mater Sci Technol2010; 26: 572–576.
33.
Nguyen-TriPEl AidaniRLeborgneE, et al.Chemical ageing of a polyester nonwoven membrane used in aerosol and drainage filter. Polym Degrad Stabil2014; 101: 71–80.
34.
TawfikSYAsaadJNSabaaMW. Thermal and mechanical behaviour of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) mixed with some saturated polyesters. Polym Degrad Stabil2006; 91: 385–392.
35.
KłosowskiPŻerdzickiKWoźnicaK. Identification of Bodner-Partom model parameters for technical fabrics. Comp Struct2017; 187: 114–121.
36.
ArrheniusSA. Über die dissociationswärme und den einflusß der temperatur auf den dissociationsgrad der elektrolyte. Z Physik Chem1889; 4: 96–116.
37.
ArrheniusSA. Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der inversion von rohrzucker durch Säuren. Z Physik Chem1889; 4: 226–248. .
38.
BystritskayaEVPomerantsevALRodionovaOY. Prediction of the aging of polymer materials. Chemometr Intell Lab1999; 47: 175–178.
39.
BoxhammerJ. Shorter test times for thermal- and radiation-induced ageing of polymer materials 1: acceleration by increased irradiance and temperature in artificial weathering tests. Polym Test2001; 20: 719–724.
40.
MercierJBunsellACastaingP, et al.Characterisation and modelling of aging of composites. Compos Part A Appl2008; 39: 428–438.
41.
WiseJGillenKTCloughRL. An ultrasensitive technique for testing the Arrhenius extrapolation assumption for thermally aged elastomers. Polym Degrad Stabil1995; 49: 403–418.
42.
GillenKTBernsteinRDerzonDK. Evidence of non-Arrhenius behaviour from laboratory aging and 24-year field aging of polychloroprene rubber materials. Polym Degrad Stabil2005; 87: 57–67.
43.
GillenKTCelinaMCloughRL, et al.Extrapolation of accelerated aging data - Arrhenius or erroneous?Trends Polym Sci1997; 5: 250–257.
44.
HowardJBGilroyHM. Long-term behaviour of stabilized polyethylene. Polym Eng Sci1975; 15: 268–271.
KłosowskiPZagubieńAWoźnicaK. Investigation on rheological properties of technical fabric “Panama”. Arch Appl Mech2004; 73: 661–681.
51.
ŻerdzickiKKłosowskiPWoźnicaK. Influence of service ageing on polyester-reinforced polyvinyl chloride-coated fabrics reported through mathematical material models. Text Res. Epub ahead of print 8 May 2018. DOI: 10.1177/0040517518773374.
