Discussion of the natural sciences had a foundational role in the development of the sociology of race and racism, underpinning the claim that races should, if at all, be studied as social rather than natural phenomena. Whatever its strengths, the position on race and science that sociologists established had important limitations both as an account of science and society and as a solution to sociological problems. These limitations have been thrown into sharp relief by new forms of biological knowledge and practice that have the potential to disorder and reorder categories, disciplinary boundaries and the politics of difference. These developments require sociologists to rethink how they engage with academic and public discussion of race and biology.
Banton, M. (2001) `Progress in Ethnic and Racial Studies', Ethnic and Racial Studies24(2): 173—94.
2.
Barker, M. (1981) The New Racism. London: Junction Books.
3.
Benedict, R. (1942) Race and Racism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
4.
Brown, M. (2006) `Joint Review of Caroline Knowles Race and Social Analysis and V. Sarich and F. Miele Race: The Reality of Human Differences ', Sociology40(1): 189—92.
5.
Butler, J. (1997) Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative . New York: Routledge.
6.
Carter, B. (2000) Realism and Racism: Concepts of Race in Sociological Research. London: Routledge.
7.
Dickens, P. (2000) Social Darwinism. Buckingham : Open University Press.
8.
Donald, J. and A. Rattansi (eds) (1992) `Race', Culture and Difference . London: Sage.
9.
Duster, T. (1990) Backdoor of Eugenics. London : Routledge.
10.
Fuller, S. (2006) The New Sociological Imagination. London: Sage.
11.
Gilroy, P. (1987) There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack. London: Hutchinson.
12.
Goldberg, D. (1993) Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Politics of Meaning. Oxford: Blackwell.
13.
Gunaratnam, Y. (2003) Researching `Race' and Ethnicity. London: Sage.
14.
Hall, S. (2000) `Conclusion: The Multicultural Question', in B. Hesse (ed.) Un/settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, Transruptions, pp. 209—41. London : Zed Books.
15.
Holmwood, J. and M. O'Malley (2003) `Evolutionary and Functionalist Sociology', in G. Delanty and M. Somers (eds) Handbook of Historical Sociology, pp. 39—57. London: Sage.
16.
Jones, S. (1993) The Language of Genes. London : Harper Collins.
17.
Kohn, M. (1995) The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science . London: Jonathan Cape.
18.
Lee, S., J. Mountain and B. Koenig (2001) `The Meanings of “Race” in the New Genomics: Implications for Health Disparities Research', Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, andEthicsI: 33—75.
19.
Leroi, A. (2005) `A Family Tree in Every Gene', The New York Times, 14 March p. A23.
20.
Miles, R. (1993) Racism after `Race Relations'. London: Routledge.
21.
Modood, T., R. Berthoud and J. Nazroo (2002) `“Race”, Racism and Ethnicity: A Response to Ken Smith', Sociology36(2): 419—27.
22.
Modood, T., R. Berthoud, J. Lakey, J. Nazroo, P. Smith, S. Virdee and S. Beishon (1997) Ethnic Minorities in Britain. London: Policy Studies Institute.
23.
Montagu, A. (1974) Man's Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race . New York: Oxford University Press .
24.
Novas, C. and N. Rose (2000) `Genetic Risk and the Birth of the Somatic Individual ', Economy and Society29(4): 485—513.
25.
Rabinow, P. (1996) `Artificiality and Enlightenment: From Sociobiology to Biosociality', in Essays in the Anthropology of Reason, pp. 91—111. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
26.
Reardon, J. (2001) `The Human Genome Diversity Project: A Case Study in Coproduction', Social Studies of Science31(3): 357—88.
27.
Rex, J. ( 1970) Race Relations in Sociological Theory. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
28.
Rose, N. (2007) The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, Power and Subjectivity in the Twenty-First CenturyOxford: Princeton University Press.
29.
Sarich, V. and F. Miele (2004) Race: The Reality of Human Differences. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
30.
Skinner, D. (2006a) `Racialised Futures: Biologism and the Changing Politics of Identity', Social Studies of Science36(3): 459—88.
31.
Skinner, D. (2006b) `Rethinking “Race” and Science: Teaching the Biological and the Social', in M. Farrar and M. Todd (eds) Teaching `Race' in Social Sciences: New Contexts, New Approaches, pp. 110—27. Birmingham: C-SAP.
32.
Smith, K. (2002) `Some Critical Observations on the Use of the Concept of “Ethnicity” in Modood et al., Ethnic Minorities in Britain ', Sociology36(2): 399—417.
33.
Snyderman, M. and S. Rothman (1988) The IQ Controversy: The Media and Public Policy . New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction .
34.
Wade, P. (2002) Race, Nature and Culture: An Anthropological PerspectiveLondon: Pluto.
